Nzinga Mbemba to King João III (1526)

Nzinga Mbemba to King João III (1526)

Topic 1.9

Excerpt from a Letter from Nzinga Mbemba (Afonso), King of Kongo, to João III, King of Portugal (1526)

. . . Sire, Your Highness knows that our kingdom is losing its way, and we must provide the solution that this situation calls for. The cause of our troubles is the excessive permissiveness with which your trading agents and officials allow the men who come to this kingdom to establish shops and sell merchandise. These men engage in practices that we strictly forbid, and they scatter throughout our kingdom and dominions in such large numbers that many of our vassals, who had pledged obedience to us, have now renounced their obedience because they have a greater abundance of goods available to them than we do. Previously, they had been satisfied with the goods we provided them, and they remained subject to our laws and their vassalage to us. This disrupts both God’s service and the security and peace of our state and our kingdoms.

However, we do not consider this harm as terrible as what we suffer each day when these traders carry away our native-born countrymen and the children of our nobles and vassals as well as relatives of ours. This continues because thieves and unscrupulous men, driven by their greed for goods from your kingdom, snatch them and sell them to these traders. Sire, this corruption and depravity has reached such a level that our homeland is becoming completely depopulated. Your Highness should not tolerate this situation, nor is it to your benefit. In order to avoid it, we need only priests and a few people to teach in our kingdoms’ schools. We have even less need of additional goods, except for wine and flour for the blessed Sacrament, and we request Your Highness’s help in this matter. Please instruct your trading agents to send neither traders nor trading goods here because we do not wish to carry out trade and export slaves. Once again, we beg Your Highness to agree to this request. Otherwise, we will not be able to relieve this unmistakable suffering. . . .

Source: “Letter from the King of Kongo to King João III (July 6, 1526)” translated by Luís Madureira in John K. Thornton, Afonso I Mvemba a Nzinga, King of Kongo: His Life and Correspondence (Indianapolis and Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc., 2023), pp. 203. Printed with permission from John K. Thornton.