Learn more about the Negrismo and Négritude movements and transnational Black anticolonial solidarity in the twentieth century. Topics may include:
Image Source: Jones, Loïs Mailou. Les Fétiches. 1938. Oil on linen, 25 1/2 x 21 1/4 in. (64.7 x 54.0 cm). Smithsonian American Art Museum. Museum purchase made possible by Mrs. Norvin H. Green, Dr. R. Harlan, and Francis Musgrave.
Topics 4.1–4.2
You will need to understand and be able to use these materials for the AP exam.
View Loïs Mailou Jones’s painting, which brought Négritude from literature to art.
View this painting by Afro-Cuban painter Wifredo Lam.
Read the preamble to Aimé Césaire’s treatise, a foundational document of the Négritude movement.
LO 4.2.A
Describe the Black Freedom movement in the twentieth century.
LO 4.2.B
Describe examples of diasporic solidarity that emerged across the African diaspora in the twentieth century.
LO 4.2.C
Explain how diasporic solidarity between African Americans and Africans impacted Black politics in the U.S. and abroad in the twentieth century and beyond.
You will need to understand and be able to use these materials for the AP exam.
View a photograph from the boxer’s trip to Havana with a delegation of African Americans in business.
View an example of African American activism in Ghana.
You can further develop your knowledge of this topic with primary and secondary sources.
Read the sermon Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered after his visit to an independent Ghana.
Read this piece from the Pittsburgh Courier that connects the Black Freedom struggles in Ghana and the US.
We have teamed up with New American History on interactive resources exploring America’s past and harnessing the power of digital media, curiosity, and inquiry.
Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy publicly apologized after restaurants refused to serve Black representatives of newly independent nations.