Search | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

90,976 items

History Now Essay

Lincoln’s Civil Religion

George C. Rable

Government and Civics, Religion and Philosophy

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

His long-time law partner William Herndon once described Abraham Lincoln as "the most shut-mouthed man who ever lived." That phrase wonderfully captured an important characteristic of a politician who had surprisingly few friends and...

Appears in:

Lincoln

Essay

The Civil War and Reconstruction in the American West

Elliott West

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

The histories of the Civil War and of the emerging West were tangled together from their beginnings. Although the war was fought mostly in the East, the events that set it off were born of the expansion of the 1840s, and in turn the...

History Now Essay

Are Artists “Workers”? Art and the New Deal

Elizabeth Broun

Art

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

As I write this essay in February 2009, the nation is engaged in a great discussion about how to restore confidence during the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression. One contentious issue is whether and how cultural...

Appears in:

The Great Depression

History Now Essay

Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Progressive Reformer

Kathleen Dalton

Economics, Government and Civics

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

Theodore Roosevelt’s interesting life often tempts biographers to write about him with the history left out. His story offers plenty of drama. Born in 1858 to a wealthy family in New York City he waged a life and death struggle...

Appears in:

17 | Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era Fall 2008

Essay

Slavery and Anti-Slavery

David Brion Davis

Abolitionism emerged in America as part of a massive fusion of reform movements related to religious revivals and dedicated to the goal of creating a righteous society capable of fulfilling America’s high ideals. [1] In part, the...

History Now Essay

Photography in Nineteenth-Century America

Martha A. Sandweiss

Art, Science, Technology, Engineering and Math

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

During the mid-nineteenth century, American commentators pronounced that new technological innovations in transportation and communications represented nothing less than the "annihilation of space and time." On steamships and...

Appears in:

10 | Nineteenth Century Technology Winter 2006

History Now Essay

The Emancipation Proclamation: Bill of Lading or Ticket to Freedom?

Allen C. Guelzo

Economics, Government and Civics

6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

Of all the speeches, letters, and state papers he had written, Abraham Lincoln believed that the greatest of them was his Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863. With one document of only 713 words, Lincoln declared more than...

Appears in:

6 | Lincoln Winter 2005

History Now Essay

Iran and the United States in the Cold War

Malcolm Byrne

Religion and Philosophy, World History

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

As the latest wave of revolutionary uncertainty sweeps across the Middle East, Iran remains one of the region’s biggest question marks. The Islamic regime that temporarily crushed the Green Movement after Iran’s controversial...

Appears in:

27 | The Cold War Spring 2011

History Now Essay

FDR’s Court-Packing Plan: A Study in Irony

Richard G. Menaker

Government and Civics

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

The Great Depression of the 1930s was the nation’s grimmest economic crisis since the founding of the American republic. After the 1932 elections, Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced a series of innovative remedies—his New Deal—but the...

Appears in:

15 | The Supreme Court Spring 2008

Essay

The Americas to 1620

Christopher L. Miller

Geography, World History

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

At the end of the first millennium, most people in the Eastern Hemisphere had a firm sense of how the world was arranged, who occupied it, and how they had come to be where they were. Various sacred texts as well as long-standing folk...

Essay

National Expansion and Reform, 1815–1860

Joyce Appleby

Economics, Geography, Government and Civics

5, 6, 7, 8

A good way to understand the men and women who created America’s reform tradition and carried it across the Mississippi in the years before the Civil War is to look at the political heritage their parents and grandparents left to them...

History Now Essay

The Myth of the Frontier: Progress or Lost Freedom

John Mack Faragher

Art, Economics, Geography, Literature

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

For two centuries the frontier West was the setting for America’s most enduring form of popular entertainment. Daniel Boone—master hunter, pathfinder, Indian fighter, and a frontier leader of the American Revolution—was the progenitor...

Appears in:

9 | The American West Fall 2006

History Now Essay

The League of the Iroquois

Matthew Dennis

Government and Civics

No Native people affected the course of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American history more than the Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois, of present-day upstate New York. Historians have been attempting to explain how and why ever since,...

Appears in:

28 | American Indians Summer 2011

History Now Essay

"The Politics of the Future Are Social Politics": Progressivism in International Perspective

Thomas Bender

Economics, Government and Civics, World History

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

The American Progressive movement was not simply a response to the domestic conditions produced by industrialization and urbanization. Instead, it was part of a global response to these developments during an era of unregulated...

Appears in:

17 | Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Era Fall 2008

History Now Essay

Lincoln and Whitman

David S. Reynolds

Government and Civics, Literature

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

The relationship between Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln has long been the stuff of legend. According to one report, in 1857 Lincoln in his Springfield law office picked up a copy of Whitman’s poetry volume Leaves of Grass , began...

Appears in:

Lincoln

History Now Essay

Angelina and Sarah Grimke: Abolitionist Sisters

Carol Berkin

Government and Civics

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

Angelina Grimke and her sister Sarah Grimke were legends in their own lifetimes. Together these South Carolina sisters made history: daring to speak before "promiscuous" or mixed crowds of men and women, publishing some of the most...

Appears in:

5 | Abolition Fall 2005

History Now Essay

The Columbian Exchange

Alfred W. Crosby

Economics, Geography, Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, World History

5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

Millions of years ago, continental drift carried the Old World and New Worlds apart, splitting North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. That separation lasted so long that it fostered divergent evolution; for instance, the...

Appears in:

12 | The Age Of Exploration Summer 2007

History Now Essay

The WPA: Antidote to the Great Depression?

Nick Taylor

Art, Economics, Government and Civics, Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, World History

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

When President Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in March 1933, estimates of the number of jobless workers in the United States ranged from thirteen million to as high as fifteen million—a quarter of the working population. Every...

Appears in:

The Great Depression

Essay

The Early Republic

Joseph J. Ellis

In April of 1789 the ink on the recently ratified Constitution was barely dry when George Washington began the trek from his Mount Vernon plantation to the national capital at New York. The public reverence usually accorded to royalty...

History Now Essay

Patriotism Crosses the Color Line: African Americans in World War II

Clarence Taylor

Government and Civics

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

Although African Americans have been the victims of racial oppression throughout the history of the United States, they have always supported the nation, especially during wartime. When World War II erupted, over 2.5 million black men...

Appears in:

14 | World War II Winter 2007

57 | Black Voices in American Historiography Summer 2020

Essay

The American Revolution, 1763–1783

Pauline Maier

World History

The British colonists of mainland North America had great hopes for the future in 1763, when the Peace of Paris formally ended the Seven Years’ War. Since the late seventeenth century, their lives had been disrupted by a series of...

Essay

The First Age of Reform

Ronald G. Walters

Government and Civics, Religion and Philosophy

7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

"In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." [1] Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform...

History Now Essay

F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Age of Excess

Joshua Zeitz

Economics, Literature

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife, Zelda, were guilty of many things. They were impetuous, they were known to drink too much, and they were prone to bouts of serious depression and self-destructive behavior, but no one could ever...

Appears in:

16 | Books That Changed History Summer 2008

History Now Essay

The Legal Status of Women, 1776–1830

Marylynn Salmon

Government and Civics

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

State law rather than federal law governed women’s rights in the early republic. The authority of state law meant that much depended upon where a woman lived and the particular social circumstances in her region of the country. The...

Appears in:

7 | Women's Suffrage Spring 2006

History Now Essay

Women in American Politics in the Twentieth Century

Sara Evans

Government and Civics

9, 10, 11, 12, 13+

At the beginning of the twentieth century, women were outsiders to the formal structures of political life—voting, serving on juries, holding elective office—and they were subject to wide-ranging discrimination that marked them as...

Appears in:

7 | Women's Suffrage Spring 2006

Site Search

90,976 items

Lincoln’s Civil Religion

The Civil War and Reconstruction in the American West

Are Artists “Workers”? Art and the New Deal

Theodore Roosevelt: The Making of a Progressive Reformer

Slavery and Anti-Slavery

Photography in Nineteenth-Century America

The Emancipation Proclamation: Bill of Lading or Ticket to Freedom?

Iran and the United States in the Cold War

FDR’s Court-Packing Plan: A Study in Irony

The Americas to 1620

National Expansion and Reform, 1815–1860

The Myth of the Frontier: Progress or Lost Freedom

The League of the Iroquois

"The Politics of the Future Are Social Politics": Progressivism in International Perspective

Lincoln and Whitman

Angelina and Sarah Grimke: Abolitionist Sisters

The Columbian Exchange

The WPA: Antidote to the Great Depression?

The Early Republic

Patriotism Crosses the Color Line: African Americans in World War II

The American Revolution, 1763–1783

The First Age of Reform

F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Age of Excess

The Legal Status of Women, 1776–1830

Women in American Politics in the Twentieth Century

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