1,636 items
“The war ruined me”: The aftermath of the Civil War in the South, 1867
In the aftermath of the Civil War, former slaveholders struggled to adjust to the economic conditions resulting from the end of slavery as well as the destruction of plantations and markets and the population loss. Many southern...
A family torn apart by war, 1777
The Revolutionary War divided families. In 1774, eighteen-year-old Lucy Flucker married twenty-four-year-old Henry Knox. Lucy’s parents were powerful, wealthy Tories, and they were not happy with the match. Henry Knox was the son of...
“Columbia’s Noblest Sons”: George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, 1865
Abraham Lincoln’s death on April 14, 1865, stunned the nation. He was the first US president to be assassinated and the third to die in office. As Americans mourned, they also began to see him as a martyr and the savior of the Union....
Japanese announcement of the attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941
In January 1941, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto began developing a plan to attack the American base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. For eleven months, the Japanese continued to refine their plans while at the same time working diplomatically to...
Activist for Equality: Frederick Douglass at 200
Born to Harriet Bailey, an enslaved woman in Maryland in February 1818, Douglass lived twenty years as a slave and nearly nine years as a fugitive. From the 1840s to his death in 1895, he attained international fame as an...
A brawl between Federalists and anti-Federalists, 1788
In 1787 and 1788, debates over the ratification of the Constitution took place in towns and villages across the country. To gain support, both Federalists and anti-Federalists held meetings and marches that sometimes became violent....
Map of the Foreign-Born Population of the United States, 1900
According to the 1900 census, the population of the United States was then 76.3 million. Nearly 14 percent of the population—approximately 10.4 million people—was born outside of the United States. Drawn by America’s labor...
A frightening mission over Iwo Jima, 1945
Lieutenant Bob Stone served as a bombardier in the 431st Bomb Squadron (Heavy), 7th United States Army Air Force in the Pacific. This Spotlight is part of a series of documents detailing the experience of airmen in World War II. Click...
A soldier’s reaction to the death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1945
Lieutenant Bob Stone served as a bombardier in the 431st Bomb Squadron (Heavy), 7th United States Army Air Force in the Pacific. This Spotlight is part of a series of documents detailing the experience of airmen in World War II. Click...
The World War II experience of Robert L. Stone, 1942–1945
Lieutenant Robert “Bob” Stone served as a bombardier in the 431st Bomb Squadron (Heavy), 7th United States Army Air Force in the Pacific during World War II. Born on December 19, 1921 in New York City, Bob was a nineteen-year-old...
The Battle of Iwo Jima: A family waits for news, 1945
Lieutenant Bob Stone served as a bombardier in the 431st Bomb Squadron (Heavy), 7th United States Army Air Force in the Pacific. This Spotlight is part of a series of documents detailing the experience of airmen in World War II. Click...
Bob Stone joins the US Army Air Forces, 1943–1944
Lieutenant Bob Stone served as a bombardier in the 431st Bomb Squadron (Heavy), 7th US Army Air Force in the Pacific. This Spotlight is part of a series of documents detailing the experience of airmen in World War II. Click here for...
“Defence of Fort McHenry” or “The Star-Spangled Banner,” 1814
In September 1814, Francis Scott Key, an attorney and DC insider, watched the American flag rise over Baltimore, Maryland’s Fort McHenry from a British ship in the harbor. Key had been negotiating the release of an American captive...
Bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, 1963
On the morning of September 15, 1963, Denise McNair (age 11), Addie Mae Collins (age 14), Cynthia Wesley (age 14), and Carole Robertson (age 14) were killed when nineteen sticks of dynamite exploded at the Sixteenth Street Baptist...
Anti-Communist Trading Cards, 1951
On June 25, 1950, war broke out on the Korean peninsula when the Soviet-backed Communist forces in North Korea invaded the recently founded democratic republic of South Korea. Following a unanimous UN resolution condemning the...
Late 19th- and Early 20th-Century Immigration and Migration: Pairing Text and Visual Materials
About This Lesson Plan Unit > In these five lessons, students will explore European and Asian immigration to the United States, the Great Migration, and deportation of Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the late nineteenth...
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s advice to high school students, 1922
In 1922, Sharpless Dobson Green, a teacher at Senior High School in Trenton, New Jersey, wrote to influential people around the world to get their advice for his students. In his request, he explained his project: There are about 400...
African American Voting Rights
African American Voting Rights from The Gilder Lehrman Institute on Vimeo.
“What the Constitution Means to Me”
The Gilder Lehrman Institute has collaborated with the producers of the exciting new Broadway play What the Constitution Means to Me by playwright and two-time Obie Award–winning actor Heidi Schreck, showing at the Helen Hayes Theater...
A Civil War soldier’s satirical take on the news, 1863
Between battles, marches, and military exercises, Civil War soldiers spent their free time in camp playing music, writing and reading letters, and, for those with the skill, sketching scenes from the day. This unknown soldier’s...
Alexander Hamilton and the Ratification of the Constitution
Return to Alexander Hamilton: Witness to the Founding Era.
Alexander Hamilton Establishes the US Economy
Return to Alexander Hamilton: Witness to the Founding Era.
Alexander Hamilton and Washington’s Presidency
Return to Alexander Hamilton: Witness to the Founding Era.
The American Revolution through the Eyes of Hamilton
Return to Alexander Hamilton: Witness to the Founding Era.
Hamilton's New York: Lower Manhattan Walking Tour
Join the Gilder Lehrman Institute and Professor Cindy Lobel on a virtual walking tour of Alexander Hamilton’s Lower Manhattan.
Why Documents Matter: An Interactive Digital Edition
Welcome to Why Documents Matter: An Interactive Digital Edition—a selection of primary sources from the Gilder Lehrman Collection curated and annotated for K–12 classrooms (print edition available here). Scroll through the entire...
Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress Concerning the Indian Removal Act of 1830
About This Lesson Plan Unit > Over the course of five lessons the students will read, analyze, and gain a clear understanding of Andrew Jackson’s Annual Message to Congress addressing the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The...
Inside the Vault: Lucy Knox
During the siege of Boston in 1775, 19-year-old Lucy Knox gave up everything she knew and left Boston with her husband’s sword hidden in her clothes. She would never see her parents or siblings again. Lucy’s letters to her husband,...
"Soldier for Equality: Jose de la Luz Saenz and the Great War"
José de la Luz Sáenz (Luz) believed in fighting for what was right. Though born in the United States, Luz often faced prejudice because of his Mexican heritage. Determined to help his community, even in the face of discrimination, he...
"The Escape of Robert Smalls: A Daring Voyage Out of Slavery"
The mist in Charleston Inner Harbor was heavy, but not heavy enough to disguise the stolen Confederate steamship, the Planter, from Confederate soldiers. In the early hours of May 13, 1862, in the midst of the deadly U.S. Civil War,...
Inside the Vault: Civil War Diaries of William Woodlin, 8th USCT, & Cyrena Hammond
During the Civil War, 22-year-old William Woodlin, a musician in the 8th United States Colored Troops, and 18-year-old Cyrena Hammond, from Clarendon, New York, kept diaries about their experiences and observations. They recorded the...
Inside the Vault: The Surrender of Robert E. Lee
“I ask a suspension of hostilities pending the discussion of the Terms of surrender of this army.” —Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865 Shortly before noon on April 9, 1865, Confederate General Robert E. Lee sent a message to Union General...
Frank J. Cirillo - "The Abolitionist Civil War: Immediatists and the Struggle to Transform the Union"
Frank J. Cirillo is a historian of slavery and antislavery in the nineteenth-century United States. Order The Abolitionist Civil War at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the...
Tomiko Brown-Nagin - "Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality"
Tomiko Brown-Nagin is dean of Harvard Radcliffe Institute, Daniel P. S. Professor of Constitutional Law at Harvard Law School, and professor of history in the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Order Civil Rights Queen at the...
Black Writers of the Founding Era: A Conversation with James Basker
Black Writers of the Founding Era: A Conversation with James Basker Recorded at Roosevelt House, Public Policy Institute at Hunter College, April 17, 2024.
This discussion of the new Library of America anthology Black Writers of the...
Matthew Davenport - "The Longest Minute: The Great San Francisco Earthquake and Fire of 1906"
Matthew J. Davenport’s first book, First Over There: The Attack on Cantigny, America’s First Battle of World War I (2015), was a finalist for the 2015 Guggenheim-Lehrman Prize in Military History. Davenport is a practicing attorney...
Inside the Vault: Jewish American Soldiers & Jewish Refugees after World War II
In the wake of World War II, American servicemen helped Jewish refugees come to the United States. Join us as we learn more about the servicemen’s work through primary sources. Who were these people? What are their stories? On...
James G. Basker - "Black Writers of the Founding Era"
James G. Basker is president and CEO of the Gilder Lehrman Institute and Richard Gilder Professor of Literary History at Barnard College, Columbia University. Order Black Writers of the Founding Era at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We...
Anastasia C. Curwood - "Shirley Chisholm: Champion of Black Feminist Power Politics"
Anastasia Curwood is a professor of history and director of the Commonwealth Institute for Black Studies at the University of Kentucky. Order Shirley Chisholm at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from...
The American Revolution | Spanish Influence on American History
Spanish Influence on the American Revolution Explore Our Resource Suite In partnership with the Queen Sofía Spanish Institute and the Royal Academy of History of Spain, the Gilder Lehrman Institute is pleased to offer this free suite of resources to...
James Traub - "True Believer: Hubert Humphrey's Quest for a More Just America"
James Traub is a historian, journalist, and scholar. Order True Believer at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank you for supporting our programs!
...
Steve Inskeep - "Differ We Must: How Lincoln Succeeded in a Divided America"
Steve Inskeep is an American journalist who hosts Morning Edition and Up First on National Public Radio. Order Differ We Must at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link...
Dylan C. Penningroth - "Before the Movement: The Hidden History of Black Civil Rights"
Dylan C. Penningroth is Alexander F. & May T. Morrison Professor of American History & Citizenship at the University of California, Berkeley. Order Before the Movement at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate...
Inside the Vault: A 1925 Study Guide for Eighth-Grade Graduation in Iowa
Are you smarter than a (1925) eighth grader? In the 1920s, when most students did not go to high school, the eighth-grade state examinations marked the end of their formal education. Sam C. Stephenson published review books to help...
Rachel L. Swarns - "The 272: The Families Who Were Enslaved and Sold to Build the American Catholic Church"
Rachel L. Swarns is a journalism professor at New York University and a contributing writer for the New York Times. Order The 272 at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link...
Pilgrims, the Plymouth Colony, and Thanksgiving, 1608-1621
Click here to download this five-lesson unit.
Debating Chinese Immigration and Naturalization, 1869-1898
About This Lesson Plan Unit > Over the course of three lessons, students will focus on the late-nineteenth-century history of Chinese immigration and the immigration and naturalization policies of...
Eddie Glaude Jr. - "We Are the Leaders We Have Been Looking For (The W. E. B. Du Bois Lectures)"
Eddie S. Glaude Jr. is an American academic, author, and pundit. He is the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of African American Studies at Princeton University. Order We Are the Leaders We Have Been Looking For...
Fergus M. Bordewich - "Klan War: Ulysses S. Grant and the Battle to Save Reconstruction"
Fergus M. Bordewich is the author of eight highly praised previous books, including Congress at War: How Republican Reformers Fought the Civil War, Defied Lincoln, Ended Slavery, and Remade America. Order Klan War at the Gilder...
Spain's "Royal Gift" to George Washington, 1784
George Washington, as a landowner, was an agricultural scientist anxious to improve production on his plantations. His political experiences brought him into contact with agriculturalists from around the world and his military...
Spain's Covert Contribution to the American Revolution, 1778
This 1778 unpublished letter from Diego de Gardoqui, head of the commercial firm of Joseph Gardoqui and Sons in Bilbao, Spain, to Arthur Lee, a diplomat from Virginia, documents Spanish contributions to the American Revolution. Prior...
The Declaration of Independence and the Pursuit of Equality
The Declaration of Independence and the Pursuit of Equality In July 1776, the Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence to announce the separation of the North American British colonies from Great Britain. Its preamble set forth...
David Chrisinger - "The Soldier's Truth: Ernie Pyle and the Story of World War II"
David Chrisinger is the executive director of the Harris Writing Workshop at the University of Chicago’s Harris School of Public Policy. He is the author of Public Policy Writing That Matters. Order The Soldier’s Truth at the Gilder...
Alan Taylor - "American Civil Wars: A Continental History, 1850-1873"
Alan Taylor is the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation Professor of History at the University of Virginia. Order American Civil Wars at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the...
Inside the Vault: Destruction of the King George III Statue in 1776
How did New Yorkers react to the Declaration of Independence? Learn more about the destruction of the King George statue and the reception of the Declaration of Independence in New York City with Dr. Benjamin Carp of the CUNY...
Amanda Bellows - "The Explorers: A New History of the United States in Ten Expeditions"
Amanda Bellows’s writing has appeared in the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Talking Points Memo. She currently teaches at The New School in New York City. Order The Explorers at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an...
Robert W. Merry - "Decade of Disunion: How Massachusetts and South Carolina Led the Way to Civil War, 1849-1861"
Robert W. Merry has authored six books, including President McKinley: Architect of the American Century and A Country of Vast Designs: James K. Polk, the Mexican War and the Conquest of the American Continent . Order Decade of...
Alex Kershaw - "Patton's Prayer: A True Story of Courage, Faith, and Victory in World War II"
Alex Kershaw is the author of The First Wave: The D-Day Warriors Who Led the Way to Victory in World War II and A venue of Spies: A True Story of Terror, Espionage, and One American Family's Heroic Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Paris....
Inside the Vault: The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
During the 1858 US Senate race, Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas held seven debates from August through October. Despite losing the election to Douglas, Lincoln rose from local Illinois politician to national prominence. In...
Colonial America | Elementary Curriculum
Elementary Curriculum: Colonial America Find lesson plans, student activity sheets, interactive resources, classroom videos, and free professional development resources to expand your knowledge of colonial America. Image: Catawba deerskin map...
Citizenship Test Video Library
Citizenship Test: Video Library Scholars, teachers, and experts discuss answers to many of the citizenship test questions.
#72 Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. Listen to Dr. Chad Williams discuss one...
Spain and the American Revolution: Contributions to the Patriot Cause
About This Lesson Plan Unit The five lessons in this unit explore Spain’s contributions to the American Revolution. Students will read and examine correspondence, a royal order, a map, and a combat diary. You will assess the...
Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s
Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s. Explained by Chad L. Williams Samuel J. and Augusta Spector Professor of History and African and African American Studies, Brandeis University Question 72
...
What did Susan B. Anthony do?
What did Susan B. Anthony do? Explained by Sara Charles Educator from New York Question 77
Dayton Duncan & Ken Burns - "Blood Memory: The Tragic Decline and Improbable Resurrection of the American Buffalo"
Dayton Duncan is an award-winning writer and documentary filmmaker as well as the author of fourteen books. Ken Burns has been making documentary films for almost fifty years. Order Blood Memory at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We...
American Revolution | Elementary Curriculum
Elementary Curriculum: American Revolution Find lesson plans, student activity sheets, interactive resources, classroom videos, and free professional development resources to expand your knowledge of the American Revolution. Image Source: A detail...
US Constitution | Elementary Curriculum
Elementary Curriculum: US Constitution Find lesson plans, student activity sheets, interactive resources, classroom videos, and free professional development resources to expand your knowledge of the US Constitution. Image: Junius Brutus Stearns,...
Westward Migration | Elementary Curriculum
Elementary Curriculum: Westward Migration Find lesson plans, student activity sheets, interactive resources, classroom videos, and free professional development resources to expand your knowledge of westward migration. Source: John Senex, A Map of...
American Indians in a Changing World | Elementary Curriculum
Elementary Curriculum: American Indians in a Changing World Find lesson plans, student activity sheets, interactive resources, classroom videos, and free professional development resources to expand your knowledge of American Indian history. Image:...
Civil War | Elementary Curriculum
Elementary Curriculum: Civil War Find lesson plans, student activity sheets, interactive resources, classroom videos, and free professional development resources to expand your knowledge of the Civil War. Image: Henry Herrick, Reading the...
Reconstruction | Elementary Curriculum
Elementary Curriculum: Reconstruction Find lesson plans, student activity sheets, interactive resources, classroom videos, and free professional development resources to expand your knowledge of Reconstruction. Image: Frederick Dielman, “Celebration...
“A City Upon a Hill” from John Winthrop’s “A Modell of Christian Charity,” 1630
About This Lesson Plan Unit This four-lesson unit focuses on the “city upon a hill” passage from John Winthrop’s “A Modell of Christian Charity” lay sermon, delivered in 1630 as the Puritans arrived in Massachusetts Bay. The...
Apprenticeship and Indentured Servitude: Contract Labor in the British Colonies
About This Lesson Plan Unit The three lessons in this unit focus on labor contracts and what was required of the people who signed them. The three primary sources include a 1742 contract for an apprentice in New York, a 1784...
Showing results 1 - 100