922 items
The United States has the oldest written national framework of government in the world. At the end of the twentieth century, there were about 159 other national constitutions in the world, and 101 had been adopted since 1970. While...
Historical Context: The Post-World War I Red Scare
The end of World War I was accompanied by a panic over political radicalism. Fear of bombs, Communism, and labor unrest produced a “Red Scare.” In Hammond, Indiana, a jury took two minutes to acquit the killer of an immigrant who had...
Historical Context: Why Do People Migrate?
In trying to understand why people migrate, some scholars emphasize individual decision-making, while others stress broader structural forces. Many early scholars of migration emphasized the importance of "push" and "pull" factors....
Historical Context: The Global Effect of World War I
A recent list of the hundred most important news stories of the twentieth century ranked the onset of World War I eighth. This is a great error. Just about everything that happened in the remainder of the century was in one way or...
Revolutionary in America
The image is so clear in our minds, seen first in elementary school and reinforced countless times since: a few dozen gentlemen with powdered wigs and period suits (coats, waistcoats, and knee-length breeches) gathered in a large...
Reporting on the Spanish Influenza, 1918
These newspaper articles illustrate the impact on American society of Spanish Influenza (H1N1), which first appeared in the United States in March 1918. [1] There were periodic, minor outbreaks for six months, but in September a...
Diary of World War I nurse Ella Osborn, 1918–1919
At the outbreak of World War I, Ella Jane Osborn was a surgical nurse at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. In January 1918, she volunteered to serve with the American Expeditionary Forces as a member of the Red Cross’s nursing...
Selling World War I: "Buy Liberty Bonds!" 1917-1919
When the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917, it needed funds to support the war effort. The Civil War had demonstrated that simply printing more currency would lead to inflation and economic trouble. During World War...
Rules for discharging disabled veterans, 1919
When World War I ended in 1918 more than 4.6 million men returned to the United States from war. The American people and the US government were unprepared to reintegrate and care for the men who returned with physical injuries and...
Emma Goldman on the restriction of civil liberties, 1919
Emma Goldman was born to a Jewish family in Kovno, Russia (present-day Lithuania). In 1885, at the age of sixteen, she emigrated to the United States, becoming a well-known author and lecturer promoting anarchism, workers’ rights,...
American Indians' service in World War I, 1920
More than 11,000 American Indians served with the American forces during World War I. Nearly 5,000 Native men enlisted and approximately 6,500 were drafted—despite the fact that almost half of American Indians were not citizens and...
Eric Foner - "The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Made the Constitution"
Eric Foner is the DeWitt Clinton Professor Emeritus of History at Columbia University. Order The Second Founding at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank...
Richard Stengel - "Information Wars: How We Lost the Global Battle against Disinformation and What We Can Do about It"
Richard Stengel served as the president and CEO of the National Constitution Center and is a former Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy. Order Information Wars at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate...
Ted Widmer - "Lincoln on the Verge: Thirteen Days to Washington"
Ted Widmer is a professor of history at Macaulay Honors College, CUNY. Order Lincoln on the Verge at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank you for...
Allen Guelzo - "Gettysburg: The Last Invasion"
Allen C. Guelzo is the senior research scholar in the Council of the Humanities at Princeton University and the director of the James Madison Program’s Initiative in Politics and Statesmanship. Order Gettysburg: The Last Invasion at...
Carol Berkin - "Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America's Independence"
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Martha Jones - "Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All"
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Catherine Clinton - "Stepdaughters of History: Southern Women and the American Civil War"
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Alan Taylor - "Thomas Jefferson's Education"
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Richard Brookhiser - "Give Me Liberty: A History of America's Exceptional Idea"
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Rick Atkinson - "The British Are Coming: The War for America, Lexington to Princeton, 1775-1777"
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Harold Holzer - "The Presidents Vs. The Press: The Endless Battle between the White House and the Media—from the Founding Fathers to Fake News"
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Lonnie Bunch - "A Fool's Errand: Creating the National Museum of African American History and Culture in the Age of Bush, Obama, and Trump"
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Kariann Yokota - "Unbecoming British: How Revolutionary America Became a Postcolonial Nation"
Kariann Yokota is an associate professor of history at the University of Colorado, Denver. Order Unbecoming British at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided....
David Blight - "Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom"
Order Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an affiliate commission from every purchase through the link provided. Thank you for supporting our programs! Classroom-Ready Resources Video...
Susan Eisenhower - "How Ike Led: The Principles Behind Eisenhower's Biggest Decisions"
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Colin Calloway - "The Indian World of George Washington: The First President, the First Americans, and the Birth of the Nation"
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Serena Zabin - "The Boston Massacre: A Family History"
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James Oakes - "The Crooked Path to Abolition: Abraham Lincoln and the Antislavery Constitution"
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Mary Beth Norton - "1774: The Long Year of Revolution"
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Kabrina Baumgartner - "In Pursuit of Knowledge: Black Women and Educational Activism in Antebellum America"
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Ed Ayers - "The Thin Light of Freedom: The Civil War and Emancipation in the Heart of America"
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Mia Bay - "Traveling Black: A Story of Race and Resistance"
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Kate Masur - "Until Justice Be Done: America's First Civil Rights Movement, from the Revolution to Reconstruction"
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John Avlon - "Washington's Farewell: The Founding Father's Warning to Future Generations"
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Alexander Keyssar - "Why Do We Still Have the Electoral College?"
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Martha Saxton - "The Widow Washington: The Life of Mary Washington"
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Van Gosse - "The First Reconstruction: Black Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil War
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David Head - "A Crisis of Peace: George Washington, the Newburgh Conspiracy, and the Fate of the American Revolution"
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Robert Watson - "George Washington's Final Battle: The Epic Struggle to Build a Capital City and Nation"
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Matthew Costello - "The Property of the Nation: George Washington's Tomb, Mount Vernon, and the Memory of the First President"
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David Armitage - "The Declaration of Independence: A Global History"
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Adrian Brettle - "Colossal Ambitions: Confederate Planning for a Post-Civil War World"
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Julie Winch - "Between Slavery and Freedom: Free People of Color in America From Settlement to the Civil War"
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Fredrik Logevall - "JFK: Coming of Age in the American Century, 1917-1956"
Fredrik Logevall is the Laurence D. Belfer Professor of International Affairs at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and a professor of history at Harvard University. Order JFK at the Gilder Lehrman Book Shop We receive an...
Johann Neem - "Democracy's Schools: The Rise of Public Education in America"
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Caroline Janney - "Ends of War: The Unfinished Fight of Lee's Army after Appomattox"
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Carl Smith - "Chicago’s Great Fire: The Destruction and Resurrection of an Iconic American City"
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