Definitely: The record explicitly describes Theresa as James’s mother.

Almost certainly: Key details in the record support this conclusion. We could imagine a scenario where she wasn’t his mother but this seems very improbable.

Probably: He is listed as “son” and she is listed as “wife.” This isn’t definitive evidence, but it is reasonable to infer the relationship without additional details.

Unclear one way or the other: The census does not explicitly define the relationship between James and Theresa; we should not try to guess at it.

Unlikely: Based on details in this record, we can reason that James was Patrick’s son from a previous marriage.

Almost certainly not: James lived in the Murphy household, but no evidence exists that he was related to anybody else.