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At the Institute’s core is the Gilder Lehrman Collection, one of the great archives in American history. More than 85,000 items cover five hundred years of American history, from Columbus’s 1493 letter describing the New World through the end of the twentieth century.

Treaty Between the United States and the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians [Bilingual]

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Gilder Lehrman Collection #: GLC08055.16 Author/Creator: Place Written: Washington, District of Columbia Type: Pamphlet Date: 4 March 1856 Pagination: 19 p. ; 27 x 19.5 cm. Order a Copy

The first treaty printed in an Indian language. Bilingual, in Choctaw and English, printed in parallel columns and with back to back title pages, each in one of the treaty languages. Choctaw title: "United States Micha Chahta Micha Chikasha Aiena Treaty Anumpa Ai Itim Apesa Tok." Concerns questions of land, compensation, protection of the Choctaws and Chickasaws (who were hostile to each other), and, most importantly, the establishment of a Chickasaw territory and government. Authorized by President Franklin Pierce. Treaty arranged by George W. Manypenny, Commissioner on the part of the United States, several other commissioners, and the Choctaw and Chickasaw leaders on 22 June 1855 (and ratified on 4 March 1856).

Pierce, Franklin, 1804-1869
Manypenny, George Washington, 1809-1893

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