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to Tobias Lear re: modifications of treaty [in Italian]

Same as GLC 2794.099. Marked "Copia" in the upper left-hand corner of the first page. Lacking Lear's signature.

GLC02794.100

to James Madison re: report of his activities from 7 July to 1 September 1805

Written in a clerk's hand with Lear's signature. Lear briefs Secretary of State Madison on the course of negotiations with the Bey of Tunis. Describes threatening war and negotiations to ease the tension. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.101

to Thomas Jefferson re: U.S.-Tunis treaty [with translation]

Written in a clerk's hand, includes translation copy of the letter. "Thanks to [Lear's] reasonable & highly approved manner, few Conferences have served to remove the misunderstandings that mutually existed between us, and consolidate the good...

GLC02794.113

to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: stipulations of Caramanli's loss of power

Davis writes: "The mutability of Your Excellency's opinions has, in a great measure, destroyed in the mind of your brother those favorable feelings towards you which, with an infinite deal of troubles, I had succeeded in exciting." He then goes on...

GLC02794.121

to W. W. Barker re: Sidi Ahmet Caramanli's removal from office

Davis explains to Barker that Caramanli's "inconsistency" has jeopardized all the work Davis has done on the ex-Bashaw's behalf. He also writes of his persisting hope "of procuring the means of liquidating Sidi Ahmet's debts, in case their amount is...

GLC02794.123

to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: prospects for the Bashaw's future

"His Excellency the Bashaw [of Tripoli] is perfectly satisfied with your election of Morocco for your future residence." Davis also addresses Caramanli's desire to reign in Derna: "the present Bey of Derna was unwell and would actually leave the...

GLC02794.127

to George Davis re: satisfaction with opportunity in Derna [?] [in Italian]

Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #13 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.130

to George Davis re: report from meeting with Sidi Ahmet Caramanli

Payne reports that Sidi Ahmet "professed and appeared to feel much satisfaction at the offer made by his brother of the sovereignty of Derna, but requested a guarantee of his safety . . . I demanded to know unequivocally whether he accepted the...

GLC02794.132

to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: debts and requests for additional supplies

Davis writes that Sidi Ahmet's brother is willing to pay Ahmet's debts even though he "expressed some surprise at the present extent of your debts expecially as you had so recently stated them at only about one fifth of their existing amount." Davis...

GLC02794.133

to John Payne.

Davis congratulates Payne on his successful arrangement of Sidi Ahmet's son's voyage to Tripoli: "[h]is Excellency has charged me to offer you his highest acknowledgments on the eventful result of your mission to Malta." (Letter #23 in bound volume...

GLC02794.140

Circular letter to foreign consuls in Tripoli [in Italian]

[Introducing new Tripolitan government minister ?] Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151.
(Letter #27 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.144

Extracts from Davis' journal of activities as American Consul in Tripoli

Mentions letter from Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli, received on 12 October 1809. 27 October: "The American Janissary was beaten at the Marine by the Bashaw's Kasnadan." Davis vows to file a formal complaint despite the Bashaw's attempt to prevent such...

GLC02794.148

to Tobias Lear re: "sad situation" of the Portuguese [in French]

Needing help due to "indigence" caused by the Algerian government. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.150

to George Davis re: [?] [in Italian]

Marked "Copia" on first page. Notation on verso: "2."

GLC02794.157

Copy of treaty of peace and amity between the United States and Tripoli

In a clerk's hand with copy signatures of Tobias Lear and the various Tripolitan leaders involved in the treaty.

GLC02794.070

Copy of treaty of peace and amity between the United States and Tripoli

In a clerk's hand with copy signatures of Tobias Lear and the various Tripolitan leaders involved in the treaty.

GLC02794.071

Extract of letter to James Madison re: Cathcart's allegations

Davis provides Madison with an account of his conversation with the Bey Sapatapa regarding Cathcart's allegations that Davis was no longer the recognized American Consul. With a copy of a letter from James Leander Cathcart, Consul at Tunis, to the...

GLC02794.056

Copy of letter to Tobias Lear re: Bassa recognizing Lear's auth'y. [in Italian]

Manuscript copy of GLC 2794.076. Signed by Tobias Lear on 2 September 1805, with a note: "A true copy from the original." Recognizes Lear's authority after originally refusing to accept him as American Consul to Tunis.

GLC02794.078

to Tobias Lear re: Bey's attempt to avoid hostilities with the U.S.

Manuscript copy of letter in a clerk's hand with copy signature. Bey writes: "you [Lear] are the sole person at this moment invested with the character & power of the President of your Government to treat with me on affairs relative to your Nation...

GLC02794.086

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Same as GLC 2794.087, in a different hand. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.088

Certification that Lieut. David Porter received a gold watch

Certification from Ridgely, the U.S. Naval agent in Tripoli, that Porter received a gold watch to be given to Hadge Mahomet for his friendship to American prisoners in Tripoli. Porter received the watch via Tobias Lear. "Consular Seal of the U.S...

GLC02794.102

to Tobias Lear re: request for a loan [in French]

Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.106

to Tobias Lear re: thanking Lear for a loan [in French]

Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.108

to William Higgens re: instructions to pay Sidi Ahmet's monthly pension

Davis encloses an "unsealed letter to the ex-Bashaw" (GLC02794.122), and instructs the U.S. Naval Agent at Malta to pay the ex-Bashaw a monthly pension of $200/month "[i]n case Sidi Ahment shall accept the terms proposed to him in my letter . . . ."...

GLC02794.122

to William Higgens re: naming Sidi Ahmet Caramanli as Bey of Derna

"The ex-Bashaw has made frequent applications to the Government of the United States, as well as to it's [sic] agents, to obtain for him the sovereignty of the province of Derna." Davis explains that this possibility is more likely than previously...

GLC02794.124

to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: sovereignty as ruler of Derna

Davis informs Caramanli that through his work, in cooperation with the efforts of Caramanli's nephew, the Bey of Tripoli, "I feel no doubt but that the sovereignty of Derna with it's [sic] revenues may be obtained for you, and confirmed to your heirs...

GLC02794.125

to George Davis re: permanent residence in Morocco and paying debts

Caramanli writes that he can neither settle in "America, being so far removed, my family having so many objections on account both of religion, manners and language" nor in Levant, which is "prey to civil wars and contentions. In consequence I...

GLC02794.126

to George Davis re: Sidi Ahmet's son's visit to Tripoli, his relations with U.S.

Payne informs Davis of Sidi Ahmet's gratitude for his brother, Jusuf Bashaw Caramanli's generosity. Also reports that he made clear to Sidi Ahmet that if he lost power in Derna, "the United States would not consider themselves bound in justice to...

GLC02794.138

to George Davis re: robbery of American property by a Tripolitan ship

"Enclosed I take the liberty to hand you several documents proving the robbery of fourteen hundred and eleven Dollars, by a Tripolitan vessel." Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter...

GLC02794.142

Extracts from Davis' journal of activities as American Consul in Tripoli

Detailed account of import/export transactions. In notes from 1 to 6 February 1810, Davis gives an account of the Bey of Tripoli's mission "with 1500 cavalry and a small train of artillery to enforce obedience from some of the adjacent arabs and...

GLC02794.149

Statement on behalf of Consuls to Algiers re: securing the safety of the Consuls

"Whereas, in the treaties between the Dey and Regency of Algiers, and our respective Governments, there exists an Article, which declares that personal security shall be given to the Consul and his family;--and as this Article has been lately...

GLC02794.151

Extracts from Davis' journal of activities as American Consul in Tripoli

Same entries as GLC 2794.158, written in different format. For extract see GLC 2794.158. Journal entries spanning 17 February to 19 March 1810.

GLC02794.159

to Commodore Morris re: controversy over American Consuls [in Italian]

Regarding the arrival of James Leander Cathcart, and controversial allegations against George Davis. Written in a clerk's hand, with clerical signature.

GLC02794.055

to Hamuda Bassa re: introduction as American Consul

Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." Draft copy of letter with edits. "[T]he honor of presenting myself to your Excellency In the purpose of fulfilling the President's wishes."

GLC02794.075

to Tobias Lear: acknowledging receipt of letters, recognizes Lear's authority

Manuscript copy of letter in a clerk's hand. The Bey of Tunis writes: "as you are authorized by the President I am entirely disposed to hear from you an explanation of your wishes . . . ."

GLC02794.081

to Hamuda Bassa re: delayed response to Lear's letter on possible war

Draft copy of GLC 2794.090. Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." For excerpt, see GLC 2794.090. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.089

to Hamuda Bassa re: delayed response to Lear's letter on possible war

Final draft of GLC 2794.089 in a clerk's hand with Lear's signature. Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." "I had flattered myself that I should have had the honor of hearing from your Excellency, in answer to my letters of the 8th. of this...

GLC02794.090

to Hamuda Bassa re: continued peace between U.S. and Tunis

Draft copy of GLC 2794.093. Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." Lear responds to the Bashaw's letter of 9 August 1805 (GLC 2794.088). For excerpt, see GLC 2794.093. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.092

to Tobias Lear re: modifications to a treaty between Tunis and U.S.

Translation copy in a clerk's hand. Informs Lear that the Bashaw of Tunis wishes to postpone modifications to the treaty pending the return of his ambassadors with ratification of the treaty by President Jefferson. The Bashaw does agree to stop...

GLC02794.097

to Tobias Lear re: modifications to treaty [in Italian]

Same as GLC 2794.100. Marked "Copia" in upper left-hand corner of first page. Signed on p. 3 by Tobias Lear on 2 September 1805, with a note: "A true Copy from the Original." Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.099

to Tobias Lear re: request for a loan

" I am extremely sorry . . . . But an unexpected affliction obliges me to sollicit your assistance by the loan of twenty four piasters of Espagne, or twelve Sequinos of Algiers." Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.105

to Tobias Lear re: a loan for food and rent [?] [in Portuguese]

Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.107

to Tobias Lear re: loan to relieve the "sad situation" of enslaved Portuguese.

Docketed on verso. Written in French.

GLC02794.116

Agreement between Payne and Sidi Ahmet Caramanli [?] [in Italian]

Clerical signatures of both Ahmet Caramanli and John Payne. Ahmet Caramanli agrees to establish himself as ruler of Derna. Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #14 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.131

to John Payne re: regretting Sidi Ahmet's failure to send son to Tripoli, debts

Davis writes that Sidi Ahmet sending his son to Tripoli "would have been a measure highly gratifying to the Bashaw and I am persuaded no less conducive to [Sidi Ahmet's] own interests." Discusses difficulty in arranging payment of Sidi Ahmet's $6...

GLC02794.134

to John Payne re: Sidi Ahmet's departure for Derna

"[I]t has been conjectured that the unwillingness manifested by the female part of Sidi Ahmet's family to the proposed visit of their Son [to Jusuf Bashaw Caramanli in Tripoli] still prevails." Davis calls on Payne to help expedite Sidi Ahmet's...

GLC02794.136

to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: success of Sidi Ahmet's son's visit to Tripoli

"Sidi Amwrath [Sidi Ahmet's son] has been received with the most flattering distinction; his prudent deportment has ensured him the friendship and esteem of his uncle, and his visit cannot fail to strengthen the ties of confidence which I trust will...

GLC02794.139

to William Allen.

Reporting the arrest of robbery suspect: "Last evening the offending Rais 'Hadge Osman' returned into port with his vessel. He was immediately seized and thrown into confinement [. . . .] but upon the speediness of [the resolution] you must not...

GLC02794.143

to Sidi Hamed.

Congratulations on new Tripolitan minister [in Italian], response to GLC 2794.150. (Letter #28 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.145

Extracts from Davis' journal of activities as American Consul in Tripoli

Detailed account of finances and meetings with the heads of state of Tripoli, Morocco, Algiers and Malta. Also mentions a kidnapping by the Tripolitan Bashaw's boat crew, who had "landed on the coast of Sicily and carried off two young children . ....

GLC02794.147

to Jussuph Bashaw Caramanli re: beating of an American government officer

Marked "Copy" on first page. Davis writes regarding "the injuries and indignities . . . [suffered when] the American Broker was assaulted and beaten, without provocation, by a subject of his Regency." Davis demands reparations. GLC 2794.126 also...

GLC02794.154

Extracts from Davis' journal of activities as American Consul in Tripoli

Same entries as GLC 2794.159, but written in different format. Contains shipping records, as well as the arbitrated resolution of a "difference of opinion between the English Consuls and [Davis] as to the amount of freight, of the Vessel which was...

GLC02794.158

to Tobias Lear re: U.S./French relations [in French]

Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.161

to Tobias Lear re: instructions for relations with the Dey of Algiers

Written as Secretary of State to Lear, who was serving as American Consul General at Algiers. Madison's letter of instruction concerns paying the annual tribute to Algiers, handling forged American passports, etc. A postscript adds: "the universal...

GLC02794.052

to Tobias Lear re: intention to sail for Algiers

Preble was the Captain of the "U.S.S. Constitution" and Commander of the U.S. Naval forces in the Mediterranean from 1803-1804. Docketed under the date in the upper-right hand corner.

GLC02794.054

copy of letter to Samuel Barron re: naval situation in Mediterranean [in Italian]

Samuel Barron was the commander of American Naval forces in Mediterranean Sea. Marked "Copia" in the upper left-hand corner of the first page, with copy signature.

GLC02794.068

to Tobias Lear re: congratulations on peace treaty

"I am . . . to congratulate you on the happy restoration of the Peace between your Country, the United States of America, and His Excellency the Bashaw of Tripoli." Langford was the British Consul to Tripoli.

GLC02794.072

Wrapper separated from its letter

Bears two inscriptions: "Correspondence with His Excelly the Bey of Tunis." "Copy of a Letter from the President of the U. States to the Bey of Tunis," without the letter enclosed.

GLC02794.074

to Hamuda Bassa re: the sovereign's refusal to meet with Lear

Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." Draft copy, with edits, of GLC 2794.080. "As George Davis Esq our Charge de Affairs at your Courts has informed me that . . . you refused to receive me a person authorized to transact any business of my...

GLC02794.079

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Mentions American Consul to Algiers, George Davis. Draft copy of GLC 2794.083. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.082

Copy of letter to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Signed by Tobias Lear (p. 2) on 2 September 1805, with a note: "a true copy from the Original." Manuscript copy of GLC 2794.082. Marked "Copia" in upper left-hand corner of the first page. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.083

to Sidi Josaph Sapatapa of Tunis re: treaty between Tunis and the U.S.

Draft of GLC 2794.096. Lear writes Sidi Jossaph, the Sapatapa (Prime Minister) to the Bey of Tunis to negotiate more favorable commerce and shipping agreements with Tunis, with the "object . . . to increase the harmony and good understanding which...

GLC02794.095

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.098

to Thomas Jefferson re: desire for peace between two nations [in Italian]

Written in a clerk's hand with clerical signature. Mentions Tobias Lear's efforts to maintain peace between U.S. and Tunis, as well as the Bashaw's peaceful intentions. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.114

to Tobias Lear re: payment of loan [in French]

Includes a note in English (possibly Lear's hand): "Sent--to the writer of this letter 15 Sequins -- 23 June 1807." Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.115

to Tobias Lear re: asking for loan.

Docketed on address leaf. Written in French.

GLC02794.117

to George Davis re: Sidi Ahmet's pension [in Italian]

Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #3 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.120

to John Payne re: instructions for meeting with Sidi Ahmet Caramanli

John Payne was a Secretary in the U.S. Consulate in Tripoli. Davis sent Payne to meet with Sidi Ahmet regarding the ex-Bashaw of Tripoli's possible placement as the Bey of Derna, for which meeting Davis provides the present instructions. Scribal...

GLC02794.129

to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: preparation for Ahmet's departure to Derna

Davis introduces Hadge Hamet Massen, who is preparing Sidi Ahmet's trip to Derna, and bringing "the arms, cloathing [sic] &ca which your Excellency desired." Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-...

GLC02794.135

to George Davis.

Sidi Ahmet thanks Davis for his aid "for which myself, family and nation, must ever [inserted: feel &] pay you the homage of our eternal thanks." He also "conceived that more strongly to cement the good understanding you have brought about between...

GLC02794.137

to George Davis re: preparations for Sidi Ahmet's travel to Derna

Payne mentions good will between the ex- and current- Bashaws. Also comments that "it appears only necessary of Sidi Amwrath [Sidi Ahmet's son] to rejoin [his family] in order to [expedite] their embarcation." Scribal copy bound together with GLC...

GLC02794.141

to Tobias Lear re: [immorality of the Algerian government ?] [in French]

Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.152

to George Davis re: kidnapping of two Sicilian children

Marked "Copy" on first page. "[C]oncerning the two Sicilian children and the other Sicilian captives liberated thro' your intercession . . . I have the honor to transmit to you Sir, the warmest acknowledgments from His Sicilian Majesty . . . ."...

GLC02794.153

to The Marquis di Circillo re: thanks for his letter (GLC 2794.153)

Marked "Copy" on first page. "I pray to your Lordship to express to His Majesty my grateful Sensibility for the condescension with which he has been graciously pleased to notice my conduct" in helping to return two kidnapped Sicilian children....

GLC02794.155

to Tobias Lear re: circumstances of his service as Consul in Tripoli

Marked "Triplicate" on first page. Davis mentions that he has been an advocate for Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli: "[i]n so doing I have rather followed the Spirit than the letter of my instructions . . . ." Mentions family troubles and his wife's...

GLC02794.156

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in French]

Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.160

to William Higgens re: Sidi Ahmet Caramanli's debts, possible reign in Derna

Davis reports recieving an abstract from "His Excellency Sidi Ahmet . . . of his debts amounting to $1,110." He informs Higgens of Sidi Ahmet's possible assumption of the reign in Derna, and says: "[i]n that event his creditors may be satisfied...

GLC02794.128

to Tobias Lear re: gives Lear credit for liberating slaves from Tripoli

"The consul general of France . . . is extremely thankful for [Lear's] delicate proceedings, but by no means pretends to contend with him [inserted: for] the pleasure of benefiting the unfortunate slaves who applied to him for their liberation . ....

GLC02794.146

to Robert Livingston re: 5 Nations' mischief in Virginia

Robert writes that he sends this letter per Capt. Smith, the Agent of Virginia, who has informed him of the mischief wrought by the 5 Nations in that colony. He also notes that some pirates took Smith and held him in Sandy Hook for some time, and...

GLC03107.02125

to Alida Livingston re: legal dispute with Richard Blackham [in Dutch]

Robert's letter to his wife is accompanied by an English translation (see collateral file). In the letter, Robert explains that Richard Blackham has brought charges against him regarding a deal made with Captain Kidd's ship 10 years ago, and he is...

GLC03107.02186

to Robert Livingston re: news from England

Riggs writes of the current events as alledged to have occurred, claims that Parliament had been dissolved, and that Admiral Benby sailed back to England from Boston with a ship full of privateers. Finally, Riggs writes of Richard Ingoldsby's desire...

GLC03107.00573

to Robert Livingston re: Lord Bellomont's testimony before Parliament

Graham writes that Lord Bellomont had testified before Parliament for five days regarding the case of Captain William Kidd, and after having completed his testimony and being acquitted from any wrongdoings, Bellomont has issued orders that all...

GLC03107.00593

to Robert Livingston re: Parliamentary hearing on Capt. Kidd's Commission

Nanfan writes to forward news of the Parliamentary hearings discussing the Commission of Captain Kidd. According to Nanfan, who includes a transcribed copy of the minutes of the Parliamentary Committee detailed to investigate this Commission, the...

GLC03107.00599

to Robert Livingston re: Captain Kidd's trial

Jamison writes with the news that Captain Kidd is standing trial for piracy. According to Jamison's two sources, Kidd was tried on one of two dates, April 28th or earlier. Docketed on address leaf.

GLC03107.00615

to Robert Livingston re: the trial of Captain Kidd

Graham writes to assure Livingston of the passage of any danger which could have been incurred due to Livingston's dealings with Captain Kidd, and to advise that any of the moneys he had advanced for the victualling of the troops would be returned at...

GLC03107.00572

to Robert Livingston re: congratulations on return from Indian Mission

Nanfan welcomes Livingston's return to Albany, after having been on a mission to the Onondaga tribe in an effort to maintain peaceful relations between the tribe and the colony. Nanfan then further writes that Governor Nicholson, while aboard the...

GLC03107.00596

to Robert Livingston re: report from trial of William Kidd

Jamison writes discussing Livingston's difficulties with the Provincial Council, and forwards the false rumor that Kidd "has stood tryall & is acquitted." Docketed on address leaf.

GLC03107.00618

to Robert Livingston re: journey to Great Britain

John informs his father that the vessel he is to travel on has been fitted with goods sufficient to ransom it should it be taken at some point during the voyage; and he requests that Robert look after his wife (Mary Wintrhop) while he is away. John...

GLC03107.00861

to Robert Livingston re: possibility or war, conflict at sea

Jamison explains how Parliament is currently divided over the issue of going to war, and states that some man of wars have already arrived in Amerca. He also talks describes a violent conflict where a ship was taken for ransom, and some men were...

GLC03107.00912

Gazette and American---Extra.

This document is a newspaper extra dated Saturday morning, 9 December 1815. It includes a transcript of the Presidential State of the Union Address by James Madison. The speech was originally given in Washington, D.C. on 5 December 1815. Docketed on...

GLC05784

to Henry Clymer

Follows a letter to his son about his business affairs (not included) because he found himself with extra paper. Compliments a studious young woman named Eliza, possibly of some relation to them. Praises a discourse by Joseph Hopkinson, the author...

GLC05725

to Various

1. 3 pgs + docket. 25x19 cm. 27 January 1804. re: negotiating with Barbary pirates. Jefferson promises that he holds the friendship of the Prince Bey of Tunis in high regard and does not intend to be misunderstood, but regrets to be forced to...

GLC07903

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in French]

Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.163

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in French]

Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.162

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Mentions John Payne, B[ryan] McDonough and George Davis, all of whom worked for the American Consulate.

GLC02794.164

Receipt of ransom for American prisoners [in Arabic with English translation]

"We hereby acknowledge & have received from the hands of Col: Tobias Lear the full sum of sixty thousand dollars mentioned as Ransom for two hundred Americans, in the Treaty of Peace." Notation on second page: "Translation."

GLC02794.173

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Mentions John Payne's diplomatic activities.

GLC02794.165

to Samuel Storer re: personal news & desire to have his son Lincoln join him

Marked "Duplicate" on first page. Written in a clerk's hand with Lear's signature. Lear thanks his brother-in-law, Storer, for letting his son, Lincoln, stay in Storer's home. Lear sends for Lincoln to join him in Algiers.

GLC02794.166

Copy of letter to Edward Fettyplan [?] re: Smith's status as slave in Algiers

Notation on first page: "Copy of a letter received Septr 30th 1812." "Be not astonished!! for alas! it is too true, that I am now addressing you as a Slave in Algiers . . . . I think that all differences will be adjusted between G[reat] B[ritain],...

GLC02794.167

to his sister

Tells her he is now steaming up the English Channel and that he will send this letter by the first port they land in, either Calais or Dover. Left the waters around Brest on 17 January to go to Cadiz in order to reprovision, get coal, and have the...

GLC02828.13