AP African American Studies Resource Archive

AP African American Studies Resource Library

This oil painting depicts a fugitive enslaved man and woman beset by three mastiff dogs in a marshy landscape. The man crouches between the dogs and the woman, wielding a hatchet in his upraised right hand. Dangling from his clenched left wrist is a pair of manacles, with one cuff broken open. His body has numerous scars and a round brand or tattoo on his left shoulder. The woman is crouched behind him, both arms raised to shoulder height, palms faced outward as she peers over the man's shoulder. The dogs a

The Hunted Slaves

1862

View a depiction of self-emancipated people in the maroon communities of the Great Dismal Swamp.

  • Work of Art
Cover of the Messenger magazine for March 1920, featuring two torches held by disembodied hands on either side of a wreath, within which features the contents of that month's issue.

“Negroes, Leave the South!”

1920

Read an anonymous editorial calling on African Americans to move north, east, and west for safety and opportunities.

  • Primary Source
Portrait of Paul Laurence Dunbar, a young Black man, wearing a dark suit and tie and white shirt.

“We Wear the Mask”

1895

Read Paul Laurence Dunbar’s poem, which poses a “mask” similar to Du Bois’s “veil.”

  • Primary Source
An engraving of Claude McKay, a Black man, in profile wearing a dark jacket, light-colored tie, and white shirt

“If We Must Die”

1919

Read Claude McKay’s defiant poem, in response to violence against African Americans following World War I.

  • Primary Source
A handwritten transcript of a letter

Letter from the Governor of East Florida

1739

Read a letter that points to the conflicts and alliances between the Spanish, English, Africans, and Native Americans in border regions of the Southeast.

  • Primary Source
Booker T. Washington, a Black man, wearing a light colored jacket, vest, and pants, white shirt, and black bow tie.

The Atlanta Exposition Address

1895

Read and listen to Booker T. Washington's speech to a predominantly White audience at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta.

  • Primary Source
Alain Locke, a Black man, wearing a white suit, vest, and shirt, and a dark tie.

“Negro Youth Speaks”

1925

Read an excerpt from Alain Locke’s book The New Negro, a cornerstone of the New Negro movement.

  • Primary Source

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