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At the Institute’s core is the Gilder Lehrman Collection, one of the great archives in American history. More than 85,000 items cover five hundred years of American history, from Columbus’s 1493 letter describing the New World through the end of the twentieth century.

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7 September 1795

Washington, George, 1732-1799

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Thomas Paine

President Washington thanks "Thos Paine - of Boston" (not the famous author of "Common Sense," who was in Paris until 1802) for a poem inscribed to him.

GLC02858

10 October 1821

Monroe, James, 1758-1831

Autograph letter signed

Title: to John C. Calhoun

Written by President Monroe to Calhoun as Secretary of War. Declares that the measures Calhoun have taken in regard to the Seminole Indians have been proper. Says that "Unprincipled settlers" should be driven away, and that "It was correct also to prohibit the sale of run away slaves, since it might and probably would, as you justly observe, have opened the door to fraud. Returns the papers relating to the demands of Governor John Clark of Georgia. Mentions that he is sending the proceedings of the court of inquiry and the court martial to him by mail. Hears with regret that many are still…

GLC02859

1809/03/19

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: preparation for Ahmet's departure to Derna

Davis introduces Hadge Hamet Massen, who is preparing Sidi Ahmet's trip to Derna, and bringing "the arms, cloathing [sic] &ca which your Excellency desired." Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #18 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.135

1809/03/19

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: to John Payne re: Sidi Ahmet's departure for Derna

"[I]t has been conjectured that the unwillingness manifested by the female part of Sidi Ahmet's family to the proposed visit of their Son [to Jusuf Bashaw Caramanli in Tripoli] still prevails." Davis calls on Payne to help expedite Sidi Ahmet's departure from Malta. Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #19 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.136

1809/03/17

Caramanli, Ahmet, fl. 1808-1809

Manuscript document

Title: to George Davis.

Sidi Ahmet thanks Davis for his aid "for which myself, family and nation, must ever [inserted: feel &] pay you the homage of our eternal thanks." He also "conceived that more strongly to cement the good understanding you have brought about between my brother [Jusuf Bashaw Caramanli] and myself, and to evidence to him the full confidence his generosity towards me has excited, to expedite my son the bearer hereof to Tripoli . . . ." (Letter #20 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.137

1809/03/18

Payne, John, fl. 1727-1732

Manuscript document

Title: to George Davis re: Sidi Ahmet's son's visit to Tripoli, his relations with U.S.

Payne informs Davis of Sidi Ahmet's gratitude for his brother, Jusuf Bashaw Caramanli's generosity. Also reports that he made clear to Sidi Ahmet that if he lost power in Derna, "the United States would not consider themselves bound in justice to render him any support . . . ." Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #21 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.138

1809/04/05

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: to Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli re: success of Sidi Ahmet's son's visit to Tripoli

"Sidi Amwrath [Sidi Ahmet's son] has been received with the most flattering distinction; his prudent deportment has ensured him the friendship and esteem of his uncle, and his visit cannot fail to strengthen the ties of confidence which I trust will ever subsist between Your Excellency and His Highness the Bashaw." Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #22 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.139

1809/04/05

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: to John Payne.

Davis congratulates Payne on his successful arrangement of Sidi Ahmet's son's voyage to Tripoli: "[h]is Excellency has charged me to offer you his highest acknowledgments on the eventful result of your mission to Malta." (Letter #23 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.140

1809/04/01

Payne, John, fl. 1727-1732

Manuscript document

Title: to George Davis re: preparations for Sidi Ahmet's travel to Derna

Payne mentions good will between the ex- and current- Bashaws. Also comments that "it appears only necessary of Sidi Amwrath [Sidi Ahmet's son] to rejoin [his family] in order to [expedite] their embarcation." Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #24 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.141

1809/05/23

Hamed, Sidi, fl. 1809

Manuscript document

Title: Circular letter to foreign consuls in Tripoli [in Italian]

[Introducing new Tripolitan government minister ?] Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #27 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.144

1809/05/24

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: to Sidi Hamed.

Congratulations on new Tripolitan minister [in Italian], response to GLC 2794.150. (Letter #28 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.145

1808/03/29

Manuscript document

Title: Statement on behalf of Consuls to Algiers re: securing the safety of the Consuls

"Whereas, in the treaties between the Dey and Regency of Algiers, and our respective Governments, there exists an Article, which declares that personal security shall be given to the Consul and his family;--and as this Article has been lately violated . . . We the subscribers, Consuls . . . hereby declare . . . in case of the violation of the aforesaid Article . . . we will cease to exercise our official functions with this Regency . . . ."

GLC02794.151

1809/08/19

Bernardo de Hacerda, Jose, fl. 1806-1810

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: [immorality of the Algerian government ?] [in French]

Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.152

1809/10/02

Circillo, Marquis di, fl. 1809

Manuscript document

Title: to George Davis re: kidnapping of two Sicilian children

Marked "Copy" on first page. "[C]oncerning the two Sicilian children and the other Sicilian captives liberated thro' your intercession . . . I have the honor to transmit to you Sir, the warmest acknowledgments from His Sicilian Majesty . . . ." GLC2794.125 refers to same incident. Notation on verso: "4."

GLC02794.153

1809/11/01

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: to Jussuph Bashaw Caramanli re: beating of an American government officer

Marked "Copy" on first page. Davis writes regarding "the injuries and indignities . . . [suffered when] the American Broker was assaulted and beaten, without provocation, by a subject of his Regency." Davis demands reparations. GLC 2794.126 also refers to this incident. Notation on verso: "1."

GLC02794.154

1809/11/15

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: to The Marquis di Circillo re: thanks for his letter (GLC 2794.153)

Marked "Copy" on first page. "I pray to your Lordship to express to His Majesty my grateful Sensibility for the condescension with which he has been graciously pleased to notice my conduct" in helping to return two kidnapped Sicilian children. Notation on verso: "5."

GLC02794.155

1809/11/25

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: circumstances of his service as Consul in Tripoli

Marked "Triplicate" on first page. Davis mentions that he has been an advocate for Ahmet Bashaw Caramanli: "[i]n so doing I have rather followed the Spirit than the letter of my instructions . . . ." Mentions family troubles and his wife's illness, exacerbated by his decision to remain in Tripoli "from a sense of public duty," and discusses gifts for the Bashaw's sons upon their marrgiages. Refers to his journal entry of 14 November 1809 (GLC 2794.126) for account of the reparations made for beating of American janissary. Docketed on the first page and on verso of p. 3.

GLC02794.156

1809/??/03

Sua Altezza, Seritta Jordim di, fl. 1809

Manuscript document

Title: to George Davis re: [?] [in Italian]

Marked "Copia" on first page. Notation on verso: "2."

GLC02794.157

1810

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Manuscript document

Title: Extracts from Davis' journal of activities as American Consul in Tripoli

Same entries as GLC 2794.159, but written in different format. Contains shipping records, as well as the arbitrated resolution of a "difference of opinion between the English Consuls and [Davis] as to the amount of freight, of the Vessel which was employed on account of the United States, to transport the family of Hamet Caramanli to Syracuse." Account of Davis taking leave of Tripoli due to "imperious circumstances," and the establishment of John Payne in his place. Journal entries spanning 17 February to 19 March 1810.

GLC02794.158