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At the Institute’s core is the Gilder Lehrman Collection, one of the great archives in American history. More than 85,000 items cover five hundred years of American history, from Columbus’s 1493 letter describing the New World through the end of the twentieth century.

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December 11, 1780

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter discusses Virginia militia and recruiting, a possible of Pleurisy outbreak in the Virginia militia, and Major McGill.

GLC00099.057

February 5, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison re: military news from the South, prisoner exchanges

The letter mentions: military news, Benedict Arnold, Lord Cornwallis, General Leslie, Braddock Taylor, Harry Pendleton, Camden, N.J., and prisoner exchanges.

GLC00099.059

March 5, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter mentions: French fleet, Count D'Estaing, Colonel Greene, Lord Cornwallis, Hillsboro, NC, Salisbury, NC, Cape Fear, NC, possibly Camden, Governor Nash, Caswell, General Greene, military recruitment, Portsmouth, VA, and American victories.

GLC00099.060

March 19, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter discusses Virginia and the war, conduct of forces, movements of the British, diplomatic questions, Madison's health, Arnold, and Lafayette's arrival at Yorktown. Mentions: Lord Cornwallis, Colonel Harrison, Colonel Williams, General Gregory (traitor), Portsmouth, VA, Hampton Neck, VA, York Town, VA, Count D'Estaing, the possible Saratoga ship, Annapolis, MD, York, VA, the Marquis de Lafayette, Benedict Arnold, and military rumors.

GLC00099.061

March 26, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter mentions the war in the South and Virginia, state politics, and actions in the Virginia House of Delegates. Also, mentions: British fleet, military rumors, Lord Cornwallis, General Greene, American victory in North Carolina, elections for Virginia House of Delegates, and military recruitment.

GLC00099.062

April 2, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

Letter mentions concerns over fleet and troop movements, military news from the Carolinas, and speculation of European relations with America. Mentions: French fleet, British fleet, Lynnhaven Bay, Cape Fear, General Greene, General O'Hara; Dutch and European involvement.

GLC00099.063

April 7, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter discusses war news from Virginia and the Carolinas and speculation on the next British move. Also mentions: French fleet, Lord Cornwallis, General Greene, death of Colonel Tarleton, criticism of Congress, and the rumor of the death of the Russian Empress and her successor's alliance with Britain.

GLC00099.064

April 16, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

Letter mentions news of Lafayette and British depredations in Virginia. Also mentions: General Greene, Lord Cornwallis, Fredericksburg, NC, Potomack Creek, Alexandria, VA, Military rumors, and elections of Virginia House of Delegates.

GLC00099.065

April 23, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

Letter mentions British depredations in Virginia, troop movements, and the Marquis de Lafayette. Also mentions: Potomack Creek, Alexandria, VA, Fredericksburg, NC, Richmond, VA, Williamsburg, VA, Hampton, VA, James River, and maneuvers of British troops.

GLC00099.066

April 30, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter is concerning the war in Virginia with postscript on Lafayette. Also mentions: General Philips, rumors of the alliance between Russia and Britain, York, VA, Williamsburg, VA, possibly Colonel Innes, possibly Ruffin's Ferry, Appomattox River, General Muhlenberg, Cedar Point, VA, Blandford, VA, Battle at Blandford, British troop maneuvers, Colonel Wood, Marquis de Lafayette, and Richmond, VA.

GLC00099.067

May 7, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter discusses the state of the British, the war in Virginia, and British plundering "their plunder is immence particularly in slaves." Also mentions: French fleet, Spanish fleet, Dutch fleet, Sir Henry Clinton, General Phillips, James River, Williamsburg, VA, Battle at Blandford, Marquis de Lafayette, Richmond, VA, Benedict Arnold, possibly Manchester, MD, General Muhlenberg, York Town, VA, plunder of British Troops, and General Greene.

GLC00099.068

May 14, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

Mentions: General Philips, James Town, VA, Brandon, VA, Marquis de Lafayette, General Muhlenberg, James River, General Nelson, Petersburg, VA, Hicks's Ford, VA, Richmond, VA, Charlottesville, VA, Staunton, VA, Fredericksburg, VA, General Greene, Camden, Lord Rawdon, Battle at Camden, Lord Cornwallis, Halifax, VA, Appomattox River, and elections for the Virginia House of Delegates. With two line postscript on page 3 on Cornwallis at Halifax.

GLC00099.069

May 21, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter mentions the discussion of the powers of the Continental Congress to make a direct tax on citizens and news of military operations in North Carolina. Also mentions: revenue of Congress, Colonel Hamilton, taxes, Sir Henry Clinton, Death of General Philips, Benedict Arnold, Marquis de Lafayette, Lord Cornwallis, and military rumors.

GLC00099.070

May 28, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter discusses financing of the War, actions of the Pennsylvania troops (a mutiny), local and military arguments, military operations in the South. Also mentions: Congress, paper money, conflict between Pennsylvania and Virginia Conflict, Marquis de Lafayette, movements of British Troops, military rumors, Lord Cornwallis, Lord Rawdon, and General Greene.

GLC00099.071

July 6, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter

Title: to James Madison

,The letter describes Edmund Pendleton's flight to western Virginia to escape the British advance, including his stop at Madison's plantation (the first known time it is referred to as Montpelier), the course of the War in Virginia, and trade with Spain. Also mentions: Congress-Taxes, military rumors, paper money, and Virginia House of Delegates.

GLC00099.072

July 23, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter discusses his return home after his trip to western Virginia, British activities in Virginia, and news from the Carolinas. Also mentions: military rumors, Portsmouth, VA, Petersburg, VA, possibly Augusta, GA, General Greene, Lord Rawdon, Spanish Fleet, St. Augustine, FL, Charleston, SC, and Jamestown VA.

GLC00099.073

August 27, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter describes the British moving into Yorktown, French news, the establishment of Vermont as a separate state, political problems, and "the brave general Campbell." Also mentions: British fleet, York, VA, Gloucester, VA, removal of Jacques Necker from office, statehood of Vermont, Ethan Allen, death of General Campbell, and General Morgan.

GLC00099.075

October 8, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

The letter discusses the siege at Yorktown and foreign affairs. Also mentions the French fleet and the British attack on Pigeon Hill (General Nelson's farm near York, Virginia) and difficulties with Spain. Three penciled notes on page 1 (possibly James Madison's): 1. next to line penciled next to lines 8-16: "[illegible] Resolution of 2 Jan 1781", 2. Referring to "x" in line 12: "navigation of the Mississippi" (uses long "s"), and 3. inserted above "Minister to Spain" in line 16, "Mr. Jay."

GLC00099.077

December 3, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison re: Virginia land claims, character of some people

The letter discusses Virginia land claims and character of several prominent persons. Shows his impatience with foolishness. Also mentions: resignation of the Governor of Virginia, Election of Speaker of the Delegates to Governor (rumor), and corruption of Silas Deane.

GLC00099.078

November 19, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison

Important letter on Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown. Mentions: American victory at Yorktown, Comte de Grasse, General Greene, Charleston, SC, and military rumors.

GLC00099.079

December 31, 1781

Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803

Autograph letter signed

Title: to James Madison re: acquittal of charges against Gov. Thomas Jefferson

The letter is 2 pieces and writes about the acquittal of Governor Thomas Jefferson on the attempted censure of his conduct by the House of Delegates. He mentions Jefferson's plans and financing of Virginia. Included in the letter is a copy of the resolution on Jefferson. Also mentions: Virginia House of Delegates, Paper money, Taxes.

GLC00099.080