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At the Institute’s core is the Gilder Lehrman Collection, one of the great archives in American history. More than 85,000 items cover five hundred years of American history, from Columbus’s 1493 letter describing the New World through the end of the twentieth century.

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Year

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1685/08/03

Manuscript document

Title: Senecas proposal not to go to the French [in Dutch]

GLC03107.01926

1685/09/08

Dongan, Thomas, 1634-1715

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition to the 5 Nations [in Dutch]

Docketed on verso.

GLC03107.01927

1685/09/15

Dongan, Thomas, 1634-1715

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition to the western Indians [in Dutch]

GLC03107.01928

1685/09/15

Byrd, William, fl. 1685

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition to the Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas [in Dutch]

GLC03107.01929

1685/09/15

Byrd, William, fl. 1685

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition to the Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas [in Dutch]

Docketed on verso.

GLC03107.01930

1685/09/15

Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga, and Mohawk Indians

Manuscript document

Title: Answer to the proposition of William Byrd [in Dutch]

Docketed on verso.

GLC03107.01931

[1685]

Manuscript document signed

Title: "Instructions for Arnought the Interpreter (to be by him followed to the . . .

. . . Senecas, Maqques, Onnondages, Oneydes & Cayouges." Effingham instructs the interpreter to inform the Indians that he is aware of the destruction they recently caused in Virginia, where they killed a number of cattle and a few Englishmen. He goes on to say that he is willing to forgive the matter, provided the Indians call their men back from Virginia and Maryland and promise to never travel through there again.

GLC03107.01932

1684/07/30

Howard of Effingham, Francis Howard, Baron, 1643-1695

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition to the Mohawks, Senecas, Onondagas, and Oneidas

Effingham condemns the Indians for repeatedly breaking their covenant with Coll. Coursey and invading Virginia and Maryland, where they have robbed and plundered English settlements. He explains, however, that he has worked with Thomas Dongan, the Governor of New York, and has decided to make a new and stronger peace with the Indians. In this peace, Effingham demands that the Indians call all of their men out of Virginia, and promise to never attack the English, or their Indian allies, ever again.

GLC03107.01933

1684/07/30

Howard of Effingham, Francis Howard, Baron, 1643-1695

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition to the Mohawks, Senecas, Onondagas, and Oneidas [in Dutch]

GLC03107.01934

1684/08/02

Onondaga and Cayuga Sachems

Manuscript document

Title: "Proposition or oration of the Onnondages & Cayouges Sachims made in the . . .

. . . Town hall of Albany before the Right hon[or]able the Lord Effingham Govenor of Virginia and Coll. Thomas Dongan Gov[ernor] of New York" In their proposition, the Indians state that since the English now exceed the Indians in number, the English should protect them from French. They go on to express their sense of unity with the English, and their desire to give their land to whichever Sachim they please.

GLC03107.01935

1684/02/03

Maquase, Sachims, fl. 1684

Manuscript document

Title: "Proposition made by some messengers sent from the Maquase Sachims in the . . .

. . . Toune house of Albany." The Mohawk messengers offer belts of wampum in exchange for information regarding English designs to attack them. They English respond with an assurance of peace, and encourage the Indians to hunt freely and to be at ease.

GLC03107.01936

1684/02/03

Mohawk Indians

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition of the Mohawks [in Dutch]

GLC03107.01937

1685/06/29

Seneca Indians

Manuscript document

Title: "Propositions made by four Sinnekes to the Commander & Justices of Peace"

The Senecas explain that they have heard rumors of Canada's plans to attack them, and ask the English for their protection. The English respond and ask the Senecas to ignore the rumors, and also to resist fighting with their Indian enemies.

GLC03107.01938

1685/07/01

Northern Indians

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition of the northern Indians and an answer [in Dutch and English]

The proposal was written in Dutch and the answer was written in English. In the response, the Indians are welcomed to settle in Skachkook, where the English will protect them from the French.English translation GLC03107.01939

GLC03107.01939

1685/07/01

Northern Indians

Manuscript document

Title: "Propositions made by the north Indians that are come from Canada . . .

. . . being about 56 in number besides 100 women & children there Sachim is called Sadorikquis accompanyed with the Indians of Schaghkook" The northern Indians write that they have come from Canada to settle in Schaghkook with the Indians there. They submit to the authority of the British crown, and ask for protection against the French. In their response, the English welcome the Indians and promise them the protection they requested.

GLC03107.01940

1685/07/02

Manuscript document

Title: Answer to the northern Indians

Docketed on verso.

GLC03107.01941

1685/08/03

Seneca Indians

Manuscript document

Title: "Proposition made by the Sakemaker of the Sinekes"

The Senecas inform the English that they have kept their promise to travel around, rather than through, Virginia and Maryland. They also assure the English of their intentions to keep peace with them. Docketed on verso.

GLC03107.01942

1685/08/03

Seneca Indians

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition of the Sinnekes and an answer [in Dutch]

GLC03107.01943

1685/08/04

River Indians

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition of the River Indians [in Dutch]

English translation GLC03107.01945

GLC03107.01944

1685/08/04

River Indians

Manuscript document

Title: "Propositions made by the River Indians that live at Skachkook"

The River Indians explain that they have invited some of their Indians from Pinnekook in New England to come and live with them in Skachkook. In their response, the English encourage the Indians to bring their friends and relations to Skachkook to settle, where they will receive the protection of the British government.

GLC03107.01945

1685/08/07

Maryland Indians

Manuscript document

Title: "Propositions made by three Mariland Indians to the Commander and . . .

commissaries of Albany" The Maryland Indians explain that they have traveled to Albany to speak with the Onondagas about the Convenant .

GLC03107.01946

1685/09/15

Byrd, William, fl. 1685

Manuscript document signed

Title: Propositions made to the Onondagas, Oneidas, Cayugas, and Senecas

Byrd informs the Indians that they have broken their covenant with the people of Virginia and Maryland when they invaded their land, abducted their servants, and fought with their Indian allies. Rather than go to war over this, Byrd asks that the Indians return the people they abducted, and call back any men that they sent down to Virginia and Maryland.

GLC03107.01947

1685/09/15

Dongan, Thomas, 1634-1715

Manuscript document

Title: Proposition to the westward Indians

The document discusses a peace settlement that the westward Indians made with the 5 Nations, and why they should have consulted the Governor of New York before making this settlement. It is also asked that they continue to observe the peaceful covenant.

GLC03107.01948