1803/07/14

Madison, James, 1751-1836

Letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: instructions for relations with the Dey of Algiers

Written as Secretary of State to Lear, who was serving as American Consul General at Algiers. Madison's letter of instruction concerns paying the annual tribute to Algiers, handling forged American passports, etc. A postscript adds: "the universal toleration in matters of religion established in most of our states, and the entire want of power respecting them in the general government, has, we understand, induced the Barbary powers to view us more favorably than other Christian nations, who are exclusively so, and with whom these powers consider themselves in perpetual hostility, suspended…

GLC02794.052

1803/07/19

Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826

Letter

Title: To: Bey of Tunis.

Copy of letter announcing appointment of Lear as Consul, with clerical countersignature of James Madison. Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.053

1805/06/04

Lear, Tobias, 1762-1816

Manuscript document

Title: Copy of treaty of peace and amity between the United States and Tripoli

In a clerk's hand with copy signatures of Tobias Lear and the various Tripolitan leaders involved in the treaty.

GLC02794.070

1805/06/04

Lear, Tobias, 1762-1816

Manuscript document

Title: Copy of treaty of peace and amity between the United States and Tripoli

In a clerk's hand with copy signatures of Tobias Lear and the various Tripolitan leaders involved in the treaty.

GLC02794.071

1805/07/12

Madison, James, 1751-1836

Document signed

Title: Circular to the consuls and commercial agents of the United States

Printed circular discontinues the issuing of certificates for foreign ships bought by American citizens. Refers to GLC 2794.047.

GLC02794.073

1805/08/17

Thornton, William, fl. 1805-1806

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: praise for sending grain to relieve hunger in Algiers

Thornton praises Lear: "I cannot express the satisfaction I feel at the worthy Act you have done in sending Grain to Algiers when they were in destress [sic], & when it would have made you a very large Fortune you have done it on the part of Government . . . . Nothing can more reconcile the Barbarians to us than to shew such disinterested Conduct." Dr. Thornton treated Lear as a patient, and was also a prominent architect and inventor. Attached to GLC 2794.111.

GLC02794.094

1806/06/29

Thornton, William, fl. 1805-1806

Manuscript document signed

Title: On the choice of a horse

Detailed instructions regarding buying and shipping horses. Bound by a pink ribbon. Dr. Thornton, who treated Lear as a patient, was also a prominent architect and inventor.

GLC02794.103

1806/06/30

Thornton, William, fl. 1805-1806

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Thomas Triplett re: enclosing drawing of horse to be shown to Tobias Lear

"I herewith enclose the Drawing of a Horse, which I request the favour of you to shew to my worthy Friend Colonel Lear . . . ." Lear was a patient of Dr. Thornton.

GLC02794.104

1808/05/24

Smith, Robert, fl. 1808

Manuscript document

Title: to William Barker re: pension payment to Sidi Ahmet Caramanli

Written as U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #2 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.119

1801/01/27

Letter

Title: [in French]

Address on wrapper. The two leaves are not conjugate.

GLC02794.046

1801/09

Letter

Title: [in French]

Docketed: Documents relating to a negotiation with the Bashaw of Tripoli.

GLC02794.048

1803/06/30

Lear, Tobias, 1762-1816

Document signed

Title: On the choice of a horse

Detailed description of what to look for when buying a horse, and how to ship horses overseas. With color ink drawing of a horse and man.

GLC02794.051

1803/07/27

Preble, Edward, 1761-1807

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: intention to sail for Algiers

Preble was the Captain of the "U.S.S. Constitution" and Commander of the U.S. Naval forces in the Mediterranean from 1803-1804. Docketed under the date in the upper-right hand corner.

GLC02794.054

1803/09/01

Bassa, Hamuda, fl. 1803-1807

Manuscript document

Title: to Commodore Morris re: controversy over American Consuls [in Italian]

Regarding the arrival of James Leander Cathcart, and controversial allegations against George Davis. Written in a clerk's hand, with clerical signature.

GLC02794.055

1803/09/13

Davis, George Barber, fl. 1803-1811

Letter

Title: Extract of letter to James Madison re: Cathcart's allegations

Davis provides Madison with an account of his conversation with the Bey Sapatapa regarding Cathcart's allegations that Davis was no longer the recognized American Consul. With a copy of a letter from James Leander Cathcart, Consul at Tunis, to the Bey of Tunis. Davis defends himself to Sapatapa, attempting to maintain his position in the Consulate. Regarding Cathcart, Sapatapa says, "he was but four days in my Regency, and has already brought us to the Brink of war." [Per Madison Papers, 6/28/96, letter is by George Davis, acting Consul at Tunis.]

GLC02794.056

1804/01/25

Mountford, Timothy, fl. 1804-1810

Autograph letter signed

Title: to [Tobias] Lear re: journal entry arguing absurdity of British/French alliance

Signed: "T.M." Mountford presents extensive arguments against the report "that the French & English have formed an alliance for the reduction of all Barbary," arguing that the two nations are natural enemies, that the French do not need the aid of the British and that the British inherently distrust the French. The alliance is only feasible if "both [nations] suffering from the ravages of war . . . have finally agreed, to throw on the heads of the Barbary powers (and particularly Algiers, the enemy of both) the destruction they were planning for each other." Mountford was Lear's…

GLC02794.057

1804/02/17

Mountford, Timothy, fl. 1804-1810

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: caring for pigeons

A detailed description of the care necessary for domesticated pigeons by Lear's secretary in Algiers. Docketed on first page.

GLC02794.058

1804/02/17

Mountford, Timothy, fl. 1804-1810

Autograph letter signed

Title: to The Consul-Genl of the U.S.A. [Tobias Lear] re: Algerian protocol

Mountord, Lear's secretary in Algiers, describes proper treatment of servants required to ensure faithful, competent service. He mentions the necessity of a tough but fair attitude, adherance to titles and keeping social spheres separate. Mountford concludes: "[In Algiers] if every punctillio of etiquet [sic]--is not attended to--you sink, sink--& sink down to a humble Quaker--and the devil himself would find more respect here, than one of that denomination."

GLC02794.059

1804/02/30

Mountford, Timothy, fl. 1804-1810

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: description of military situation in Algiers

Mountford writes that "in case of an attack on my own Garrison" he will most likely suffer because the people under his command are "sick," "Nobody," "willing-but-slow" and "Good for nothing." Yet he is cautiously opitmistic: "If I did . . . to groan, tremble & start at everything that snaps -- would only make a bad matter worse." Mountford was Lear's secretary in Algiers. Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.060

1804/03/13

Letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: "sad situation" and appeal for aid [in French]

Signed by various Portuguese officers: Ignacio Ser Cinto, Antonio [illegible], Dioge Ramireo Esquivel, Joao Jose Frz de Andrade, Joao dos Santos, Paulo Freire de Andrade, Joao Alfonso Veto, Jose Bernardo de Hacerda, Fr Bernardo Borges do Valle, Joaquim Jose de Castro Queden, Jose Mis [?] Romano, Manolchy Pirara [?]. Lear writes in the docket: "From The Portugese Officers. Captives in Algiers, begging the interference of the Consuls to have them released from Labour."

GLC02794.061

1804/12/15

Preble, Edward, 1761-1807

Letter

Title: to General Forteguerra re: extract of letter requesting loan of gunboats

"In consequence of the situation of the City & harbour of Tripoli it is necessary, in order to carry on our operations against that Regency with the greatest effect, that we should have Bomb-vessels & Gun-boats."

GLC02794.062

28 June 1805

Mountford, Timothy, fl. 1804-1810

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: assassination and expulsion of Jews from Algiers (pogrom)

An almost hour-by-hour description of the assassination of Napatili Busnach, Jewish Algerian government officer, and the expulsion and massacre of Jews in Algiers by the government. Mountford sends a report of activities in the city. "This morning about 8 O'clock, Napatili Busnach, in the sheet, was shot thro' the Belly, by a Turk Soldier, & died in two hours after. He never spoke after [inserted: he] was shot, altho' he walked to his own house. About 3 P.M. he was buried. The deed of a single Soldier threw everything into confusion -- the City appears to be ready for insurrection,…

GLC02794.063

1805/03/18

Nilsen, N.C., fl. 1805

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Samuel Barron re: Tripoli minister's desire to re-establish peace with U.S.

Nilsen was the Danish Consul to Tripoli. Commodore Barron was the commander of the U.S. Naval forces in the Mediterranean. "Sidi Muhamed Dghies is desirous of a peace and . . . his health and particularly the state of his eyes, will oblige him to retire with his family in a short time . . . he is afraid that being absent he Shall not be able so easily to suscitate in the mind of the Bashaw equal peaceful sentiments with his own." Docketed on first page.

GLC02794.064

1805/03/23

Mountford, Timothy, fl. 1804-1810

Autograph letter signed

Title: to Tobias Lear re: attempted murder of Dey, and English/French relations

Mountford describes attempted assassination of the Dey of Algiers by four Turkish soldiers "each armed with two pistols, a Carbine & an atagon . . . . His attendants were at the distance of 60 yards & instantly ran to his assistance, and stoned to death, three of these assassins on the spot . . . . A more miraculous escape never happened." The "King of England, had observed in his last speech to parliament, that negociations for peace were on foot, between his nation & France." Mountford was Lear's secretary in Algiers. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.065

1805/05/21

Preble, Edward, 1761-1807

Manuscript document

Title: List of people on a Turkish ship captured by U.S. Commodore Preble

Notes number of people captured, including enslaved people owned by Turks and those being sent as presents. Also notes: "Two or three of the Black Slaves have died in the Castle at Syracuse." Note on p. 2: "A List of Prisoners."

GLC02794.066