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to Charles Cotton re: British treaty with Dey of Algiers (tipped into book)

GLC04212.02

to Joseph Pitcairn re: treaties before Congress, including one with Algiers

Written as American Vice-Consul to France.

GLC03575

to William Eustis re: treaty of Ghent, Napoleonic wars, and threat of Barbery

Discusses the Treaty of Ghent, Napoleonic Wars, threat of Barbary pirates, and the new Netherlands consititution. Re: the Napoleonic Wars, Adams writes: "France is a conquest, and as a conquest will be treated."

GLC03626

Diary kept at Algiers re: lodging, business, etc.

Diary kept from February to April.

GLC03767.01

Sketches of Algiers, political, historical and civil...

Printed by Cummings, Hilliard and Company. First edition. Original worn paperboards and quarter leather. Written by Shaler as American Consul General at Algiers. Includes chapter 7 "Extracts of the journal kept in the consulate of the United States...

GLC05246.04

to: Italian ambassador.

Written as British emissary, to the Italian ambassador, concerning an offer of $100,000 to prevent kidnappings of British nationals.

GLC05251

to Aaron Burr re: opinion on the government's response to Barbary pirates

Giving Burr his opinion about war with the Barbary states: "If the subject of carrying a war with... the Barbary States had been properly stated to the government, a more suitable force would have been provided."

GLC06907

to James Mease re: thanks for Mease's dissertation on canine madness

ALS in the third person, written horizontally and signed in text at the beginning. Thanking Mease for his "very learned and ingenious dissertation on canine madness" and discussing insanity. Jefferson mentions a cure by mercury of an American...

GLC06510

to Richard Dale

The retired Commodore Truxtun writes to Commodore Dale with personal news and naval advice. Indicates that Dale was near "the theatre of the European War," referring to the first Barbary War, for which Truxtun declined a command. In a post script...

GLC02500.10

to Jonathan Trumbull re: American prisoners in Algiers

Written as President to Trumbull, Speaker of the House of Representatives, concerning the petition of American prisoners in Algiers which Trumbull forwarded.

GLC02793.001

Tobias Lear papers [Decimalized .001- .178]

The collection ranges from 1785-1867, with the bulk being 1785-ca. 1796 (items as Washington's personal secretary with some surveying and business correspondence), and 1800-1809 (the majority is correspondence from Lear's service as United States...

GLC02794

Treaty between the U.S. and the Dey & Regency of Algiers (c/s Timothy Pickering)

Signed as President and countersigned by Pickering as Secretary of State. English translation from the Arabic with clerical signatures for Vizier Hassan Bashan (the Dey of Algiers), Joseph Donaldson Jr. (American negotiator) and David Humphreys...

GLC02794.001

to Tobias Lear re: instructions for relations with the Dey of Algiers

Written as Secretary of State to Lear, who was serving as American Consul General at Algiers. Madison's letter of instruction concerns paying the annual tribute to Algiers, handling forged American passports, etc. A postscript adds: "the universal...

GLC02794.052

To: Bey of Tunis.

Copy of letter announcing appointment of Lear as Consul, with clerical countersignature of James Madison. Docketed on address leaf.

GLC02794.053

Copy of treaty of peace and amity between the United States and Tripoli

In a clerk's hand with copy signatures of Tobias Lear and the various Tripolitan leaders involved in the treaty.

GLC02794.070

Copy of treaty of peace and amity between the United States and Tripoli

In a clerk's hand with copy signatures of Tobias Lear and the various Tripolitan leaders involved in the treaty.

GLC02794.071

to Tobias Lear re: praise for sending grain to relieve hunger in Algiers

Thornton praises Lear: "I cannot express the satisfaction I feel at the worthy Act you have done in sending Grain to Algiers when they were in destress [sic], & when it would have made you a very large Fortune you have done it on the part of...

GLC02794.094

to William Barker re: pension payment to Sidi Ahmet Caramanli

Written as U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Scribal copy bound together with GLC 2794.118, .120-.124, .128-.133, .135-.145 and .147-.151. (Letter #2 in bound volume.)

GLC02794.119

to Samuel Storer re: personal news & desire to have his son Lincoln join him

Marked "Duplicate" on first page. Written in a clerk's hand with Lear's signature. Lear thanks his brother-in-law, Storer, for letting his son, Lincoln, stay in Storer's home. Lear sends for Lincoln to join him in Algiers.

GLC02794.166

Message from the President... transmitting a Treaty of Peace...[with] Algiers

Printing a the treaty of peace between the U.S. and the Dey of Algiers with the statements of American peace commissioners Stephen Decatur and William Shaler. Printed by William A. Davis.

GLC02822

[Appointment of David Humphreys Commissioner Plenipotentiary for Algiers treaty]

President George Washington's Commission of Humphreys to negotiate a treaty of amity and commerce with Tripoli. Countersigned by Sec. of State Edmund Randolph. Features paper seal, image visible on verso. Docket on verso reads "To the Most...

GLC03196

to Hamet Karamanli

Eaton, United States Naval Agent to the Barbary States, informs Hamet Karamanli, deposed Bashaw of Tripoli, that the United States officially supports Eaton's previous promise of assistance to reinstate Hamet to the throne. Declares that "America is...

GLC03367

Boston gazette. [Vol. 17, no. 42 (Jan. 21, 1805) - v. 19, no. 35 (Dec. 30 1805)]

In addition to regular news items like reports from the American states, the Massachusetts legislature, the Congress of the United States, and foreign intelligence, the newspaper features articles on the nomination and re-election of Governor Caleb...

GLC03379

to Robert Livingston re: news of the fleet, reports from England

Hunt writes of news from England and the fleet out at sea, claiming that Captain Kidd may be sent home. He mentions the naval action in conjunction with the Scots at Caladonia, and also enslaved people from Algeria. Docketed on address leaf.

GLC03107.00476

[in French]

Docketed: Documents relating to a negotiation with the Bashaw of Tripoli.

GLC02794.048

to Tobias Lear re: intention to sail for Algiers

Preble was the Captain of the "U.S.S. Constitution" and Commander of the U.S. Naval forces in the Mediterranean from 1803-1804. Docketed under the date in the upper-right hand corner.

GLC02794.054

to Commodore Morris re: controversy over American Consuls [in Italian]

Regarding the arrival of James Leander Cathcart, and controversial allegations against George Davis. Written in a clerk's hand, with clerical signature.

GLC02794.055

Extract of letter to James Madison re: Cathcart's allegations

Davis provides Madison with an account of his conversation with the Bey Sapatapa regarding Cathcart's allegations that Davis was no longer the recognized American Consul. With a copy of a letter from James Leander Cathcart, Consul at Tunis, to the...

GLC02794.056

to [Tobias] Lear re: journal entry arguing absurdity of British/French alliance

Signed: "T.M." Mountford presents extensive arguments against the report "that the French & English have formed an alliance for the reduction of all Barbary," arguing that the two nations are natural enemies, that the French do not need the aid of...

GLC02794.057

to Tobias Lear re: description of military situation in Algiers

Mountford writes that "in case of an attack on my own Garrison" he will most likely suffer because the people under his command are "sick," "Nobody," "willing-but-slow" and "Good for nothing." Yet he is cautiously opitmistic: "If I did . . . to...

GLC02794.060

to Tobias Lear re: "sad situation" and appeal for aid [in French]

Signed by various Portuguese officers: Ignacio Ser Cinto, Antonio [illegible], Dioge Ramireo Esquivel, Joao Jose Frz de Andrade, Joao dos Santos, Paulo Freire de Andrade, Joao Alfonso Veto, Jose Bernardo de Hacerda, Fr Bernardo Borges do Valle...

GLC02794.061

to General Forteguerra re: extract of letter requesting loan of gunboats

"In consequence of the situation of the City & harbour of Tripoli it is necessary, in order to carry on our operations against that Regency with the greatest effect, that we should have Bomb-vessels & Gun-boats."

GLC02794.062

to Tobias Lear re: assassination and expulsion of Jews from Algiers (pogrom)

An almost hour-by-hour description of the assassination of Napatili Busnach, Jewish Algerian government officer, and the expulsion and massacre of Jews in Algiers by the government. Mountford sends a report of activities in the city. "This morning...

GLC02794.063

to Samuel Barron re: Tripoli minister's desire to re-establish peace with U.S.

Nilsen was the Danish Consul to Tripoli. Commodore Barron was the commander of the U.S. Naval forces in the Mediterranean. "Sidi Muhamed Dghies is desirous of a peace and . . . his health and particularly the state of his eyes, will oblige him to...

GLC02794.064

to Tobias Lear re: attempted murder of Dey, and English/French relations

Mountford describes attempted assassination of the Dey of Algiers by four Turkish soldiers "each armed with two pistols, a Carbine & an atagon . . . . His attendants were at the distance of 60 yards & instantly ran to his assistance, and stoned to...

GLC02794.065

List of people on a Turkish ship captured by U.S. Commodore Preble

Notes number of people captured, including enslaved people owned by Turks and those being sent as presents. Also notes: "Two or three of the Black Slaves have died in the Castle at Syracuse." Note on p. 2: "A List of Prisoners."

GLC02794.066

to Tobias Lear re: appointment of Spanish Consul [in Italian]

Translation from Arabic. Docketed on a separate leaf: "Translation of the [illegible] of the Bashaw of Tripoli appointing Don Joseph Gerardo Louza Consul of Spain to Treaty of Peace at --[.]"

GLC02794.067

copy of letter to Samuel Barron re: naval situation in Mediterranean [in Italian]

Samuel Barron was the commander of American Naval forces in Mediterranean Sea. Marked "Copia" in the upper left-hand corner of the first page, with copy signature.

GLC02794.068

to Tobias Lear re: thanks for forwarded correspondence

Langford was the British Consul to Tripoli.

GLC02794.069

to Tobias Lear re: congratulations on peace treaty

"I am . . . to congratulate you on the happy restoration of the Peace between your Country, the United States of America, and His Excellency the Bashaw of Tripoli." Langford was the British Consul to Tripoli.

GLC02794.072

Wrapper separated from its letter

Bears two inscriptions: "Correspondence with His Excelly the Bey of Tunis." "Copy of a Letter from the President of the U. States to the Bey of Tunis," without the letter enclosed.

GLC02794.074

to Hamuda Bassa re: introduction as American Consul

Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." Draft copy of letter with edits. "[T]he honor of presenting myself to your Excellency In the purpose of fulfilling the President's wishes."

GLC02794.075

to Tobias Lear re: Bassa recognizing Lear's diplomatic authority [in Italian]

GLC 2794.077 is a translation of this letter. The Bashaw initially refused to accept Lear as American Consul to Tunis.

GLC02794.076

to Tobias Lear re: Bassa accepting Lear's diplomatic authority

Translation in a clerk's hand of GLC 2794.076: "[Y]ou are appointed as [Consul] to all the Powers whose coasts are wet by the Mediterranean, and as I am one of those powers, I make not the least difficulty to the contrary." This comment comes after...

GLC02794.077

Copy of letter to Tobias Lear re: Bassa recognizing Lear's auth'y. [in Italian]

Manuscript copy of GLC 2794.076. Signed by Tobias Lear on 2 September 1805, with a note: "A true copy from the original." Recognizes Lear's authority after originally refusing to accept him as American Consul to Tunis.

GLC02794.078

to Hamuda Bassa re: the sovereign's refusal to meet with Lear

Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." Draft copy, with edits, of GLC 2794.080. "As George Davis Esq our Charge de Affairs at your Courts has informed me that . . . you refused to receive me a person authorized to transact any business of my...

GLC02794.079

to Hamuda Bassa re: the sovereign's refusal to meet with Lear

Final draft of GLC 2794.079 in a clerk's hand with Lear's signature. Written aboard the "U.S.S. Constitution." "As George Davis Esq our Charge d'Affairs at your Courts has informed me that . . . you refused to receive me a person authorized to...

GLC02794.080

to Tobias Lear: acknowledging receipt of letters, recognizes Lear's authority

Manuscript copy of letter in a clerk's hand. The Bey of Tunis writes: "as you are authorized by the President I am entirely disposed to hear from you an explanation of your wishes . . . ."

GLC02794.081

to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Mentions American Consul to Algiers, George Davis. Draft copy of GLC 2794.083. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.082

Copy of letter to Tobias Lear re: [?] [in Italian]

Signed by Tobias Lear (p. 2) on 2 September 1805, with a note: "a true copy from the Original." Manuscript copy of GLC 2794.082. Marked "Copia" in upper left-hand corner of the first page. Docketed on verso.

GLC02794.083