by Ned Blackhawk

In the summer of 1876, two dramatically different places captured the American nation’s attention. As the summer began, fairgoers in Philadelphia teemed into the Centennial Exhibition held to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of independence. Millions marveled at the majestic torch and metal hand that had just come from France, an initial gift to commemorate the two nations’ shared revolutionary spirits. Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone and other technological wonders were unveiled at Machinery Hall, the centerpiece of the fair, while on opening night an orchestra and thousand-person choir performed the national anthems of the forty-nine nations invited to this first American world’s fair.More »

Essays

Justice of the Plains: The Movement Westward, John S. Curry (LC-DIG-highsm-02850

Women of the West

Author: Virginia Scharff Curriculum Subjects: Geography, Government and Civics Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
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Featured Primary Sources

Horace Greeley to R. L. Sanderson, November 15, 1871 (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

Horace Greeley: “Go West,” 1871

Creator: Horace Greeley Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
George Custer, [Report on the Battle of Washita], December 22, 1868 (Gilder Lehr

Indian Wars: The Battle of Washita, 1868

Creator: George Custer Curriculum Subjects: Grade Levels: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13+
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Multimedia

How did Manifest Destiny shape the American West?

Speaker(s): Maria Montoya Duration: 0 seconds

Parks and Politics: A Look at Federal Land

Speaker(s): Patricia Limerick Duration: 0 seconds

The American West: A Work in Progress

Speaker(s): Patricia Limerick Duration: 0 seconds
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Interactive Features

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Recommended Resources

Lears, T. J. Jackson, ed. American Victorians and Virgin Nature. Boston: Isabella Stuart Gardner Museum, 2002.

Bain, David Haward. Empire Express: Building the First Transcontinental Railroad. New York: Viking Press, 1999.

Brucken, Carolyn, and Virginia Scharff. Home Lands: How Women Made the West. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

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