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Showing results 1 – 5 of 5
Slave leg chain, ca. 1840-1850. (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

Essay

The Material Culture of Slave Resistance

Artifacts tell stories. Sometimes the tales are unclear or even contradictory, and sometimes artifacts—not...

Glossary Term – Event

Confederate capital established

Richmond, Virginia, was established as the capital of the Confederacy.

Glossary Term – Event

Electric street car system

The first electric street car system, spanning twelve miles, opened in Richmond, Virginia.

Giles B. Jackson to R.C. Burrow, June 22, 1901. (Gilder Lehrman Collection)

Primary Source

Disfranchisement of African American voters in Virginia, 1901

In February 1901, the Virginia General Assembly authorized a constitutional convention to draft election reforms. The convention,...

Teaching Resource

The Confederacy Begins to Collapse

By early 1863, the Civil War had begun to cause severe hardship on the southern home front. Not only was most of the fighting taking place in the South, but also as the Union blockade grew more effective and the South's railroad system deteriorated, shortages grew increasingly common. In Richmond, food riots erupted in April 1863. A war department clerk wrote: "I have lost twenty pounds, and my wife and children are emaciated."The Confederacy also suffered rampant inflation. Fearful of undermining support for the war effort,...