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Showing results 21 – 17 of 17
Glossary Term – Event
Louisiana returned to France
In a secret treaty, Spain ceded Louisiana back to France under pressure from Napoleon. The French had lost the territory after being defeated in the French and Indian War.
Glossary Term – Event
Peace of Paris
The 1763 Peace of Paris concluded the French and Indian War. France ceded Canada and territories east of Mississippi River to Great Britain.
Glossary Term – Event
Proclamation of 1763
King George III signed the Proclamation of 1763, which limited colonial expansion westward.
Glossary Term – Event
King William’s War
King William’s War was the first French and Indian War. Similar to Queen Anne’s War (1702–1713) and King George’s War (1744–1748), this conflict grew out of a struggle in Europe. After American Indians allied to the English raided French settlements near Montreal, the French and their Indian allies retaliated by staging raids on New York and New England. Two English assaults on the province of Quebec ended in failure. The war was finally ended in 1697 by the Treaty of Ryswick, which returned to England and France all territory each side had...
Glossary Term – Event
French and Indian War
Half a century of conflict between Britain and France over North America culminated in the French and Indian War, or the Seven Years’ War in Europe. Unlike the three previous Anglo-French wars, which were outgrowths of European conflicts, this one began with colonial initiatives. Fur traders and Virginia planters were interested in exploiting and developing the Ohio River valley region. The French, determined to secure the territory against encroaching British and American traders and land speculators, built a chain of forts along...
Glossary Term – Person
Pontiac
Pontiac (1720–1769) was an American Indian leader who revolted against the British occupation of the Great Lakes regions. He led warriors from numerous tribes who joined in an attempt to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the region.
Glossary Term – Person
Benedict Arnold
Benedict Arnold (1741–1801), whose name is now synonymous with the word “traitor,” was born in Norwich, Connecticut. After militia service in the French and Indian War, Arnold achieved some success as a local merchant and shipowner. In December 1774, he was elected captain of a Connecticut militia unit, the Governor’s Second Company of Guards. Arnold, along with Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys (a Vermont militia) captured Fort Ticonderoga, New York in May 1775. During 1777, Arnold was assigned to the Northern Army in upstate...
Glossary Term – Person
Horatio Gates
English-born General Horatio Gates (1728–1806) served in North America and the West Indies during the French and Indian War before settling in Virginia. He was appointed a general in the Continental Army. After the fall of Fort Ticonderoga, Gates was placed in command of the Northern Department. Subsequently, he won a great victory at Saratoga, New York. In the wake of his victory, Gates found himself at the center of the Conway Cabal, a short-lived attempt to supplant George Washington as commander in chief. In July 1780, Congress...
Glossary Term – Person
George Washington
George Washington (1732–1799) was the commander in chief of the colonial armies during the American Revolution and the first President of the United States of America. Washington was born in Virginia and worked as a land surveyor and planter until he joined the Virginia militia and fought in the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He was elected to the House of Burgesses in 1758 and married Martha Dandridge Custis, a wealthy widow, in 1759. As colonial anger over British rule rose in the 1760s, Washington became a supporter of American...