In the spring of 1861, the United States of America split into two hostile countries—the United States and the new Confederate States of America. The two...
Ulysses S. Grant issued his famous ultimatum at Fort Donelson, Tennessee: “No terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose to move immediately upon your works.” Confederate forces accepted. (17,398 casualties)
General David Hunter issued his General Orders No. 11, which declared slaves in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina free. Concerned with border states’ loyalty, Lincoln revoked the order ten days later.